Modelling of dust lifting process behind propagating shock wave

Dust dispersion from a layer is a complicated problem, which has not been completely solved yet, especially if an Eulerian–Eulerian approach has to be used to model the two-phase dusty flow. In previous investigation, a phenomenological model of the dust dispersion process from a layer was developed, but the evaluation of the model revealed some weaknesses. In the current paper, the model of the dust dispersion process was presented and three improvements of the model were studied: Saffman force, Magnus force and particles collisions. The implementation of Magnus and Saffman forces into the code did not improve the numerical results and it was shown that it had very little influence on the dust lifting process, in case the phenomenological model of the layer is used. Some explanations were proposed in the paper. Besides, an empirical model of particles collisions was also added to the code and its influence on the results was studied. It was shown that the particles collisions model improved the obtained results, but further modifications are to be studied in the future.     

基于地电场数值模拟的边坡软弱层稳定性评价

为解决露天采场边坡失稳带来的巨大安全隐患问题,以鞍本地区铁矿露天采场为例,在分析高密度电阻率法基本原理、探测系统和正反演原理的基础上,测定了研究区内主要岩矿体电阻率,据此建立了基于地电场数值模拟的层间软弱层稳定性评价模型。温纳和偶极装置工作下,设定的地电模型正演模拟和反演计算结果表明,电阻率异常特征准确地反映了软弱层的稳定性状态,地电场分布特征与模型设定结果基本吻合。评价实例和钻探验证结果表明,模型可准确评价层间软弱层的稳定状态,取得了良好的实际效果。     

Science-practice interactions linked to climate adaptation in two contexts: municipal planning and forestry in Sweden

This paper examines the science-practice interface in the process of adapting to climate change in society. This paper analyses science-based stakeholder dialogues with climate scientists, municipal officers and private individual forest owners in Sweden, and examines how local experts both share scientific knowledge and experience and integrate it into their work strategies and practices. The results demonstrate how local experts jointly conceptualise climate adaptation, how scientific knowledge is domesticated among local experts in dialogue with scientific experts, the emergence of anchoring devices, and the boundary-spanning functions that are at work in the respective sectors.     

Numerical and experimental investigations on laser melting of stainless steel 316L metal powders

This paper presents numerical and experimental investigations on laser melting of SS grade 316L powder on top of AISI 316L substrate using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The objectives of the present study are to understand the effect of process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed and beam size on geometry characteristics of the melt zone and ball formation. We formulated a moving heat source problem and obtained transient temperature solutions using commercial finite element solver. The geometry characteristics of the melt zone are evaluated from the temperature solutions and compared with experimental results. The effect of laser parameters on the geometry, morphology and homogeneity of single track realization was methodically analyzed by utilizing characterization tools such as laser particle size analyzer, macro and microscopic inspection, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results presented in this paper are beneficial to realize homogenous layer formation in additive manufacturing processes involving powder melting by laser beam.     

环境实验室温度均匀性的数值分析研究

目的研究送风参数及围护结构对飞机结构及机构环境条件下功能性和耐久性实验室温度均匀性的影响。方法采用CFD方法对实验室的气流组织进行数值模拟,根据气流组织评价标准对工作区的温度均匀性进行分析。结果送风温差越大、送风速度越小温度场均匀性越差,保温层较厚时,温差过大将导致工作区温度分布达不到设计要求。结论相同温差下,减少送风口数量并提高单个送风口的送风速度有助于提高温度均匀性。     

浅谈如何做好工业企业厂界噪声监测质量保证工作

针对如何做好工业企业厂界噪声监测质量保证工作问题,文中介绍了如何做好监测前的质量保证工作,包括监测人员的保证作用、监测方法的保证作用、噪声监测仪的保证作用、噪声校准仪的保证作用,探讨了对现场监测质量测定的影响因素,主要包括对气象要求、测量工况、监测情况调查、测点位置、测量时间、背景噪声值扣除、人为噪声的排除和测量记录对监测质量的影响,并对监测数据进行了处理及分析,这有益于做好工业企业厂界噪声监测质量保证工作。     

北京市跨区县界断面水质考核研究与应用

研究构建了北京市跨区县界断面水质考核办法,包括水质监测、考核评价、考核程序等主要内容。考核办法目前已纳入北京市区县政府绩效管理考评,作为北京市水环境目标责任考核的重要组成部分。     

南盘江云南省出境断面20年水质监测结果及回顾评价

积累了南盘江云南省出境断面23年的水质监测数据,分析评价了多年来南盘江水质的优劣状态及其主要污染物,回顾评价总结了南盘江水质历年变化情况。     

电收尘极板上沉积尘的附着力与振打加速度

振打清灰是保证静电除尘器正常运行的一个重要环节.为确定振打加速度,基于Penney和Klingler理论,认为带电粉尘层对收尘极板的附着力主要是外电场力和附加电场力共同作用的结果.附加电场是由于电晕电流通过沉积在收尘极板上的粉尘层产生电荷积累而形成的.应用静电学理论导出粉尘层内电场分布与带电粉尘层厚度的平方成正比.通过建立荷电粉尘层对收尘极板附着力的微分方程,由牛顿第二定律得出振打加速度的理论计算式.研究结果表明,振打加速度是电晕电流面密度和粉尘比电阻乘积ρ×J的函数,且与粉尘粒径成反比.参考已发表的实验数据和理论结果发现,在外加电压保持不变的情况下,电晕电流面密度和粉尘比电阻的乘积ρ×J=常数,此时,振打加速度与ρ×J无关.从这一新观点出发,根据Oglesby提供的粉尘层击穿前的电晕电流和粉尘比电阻的相关曲线,得出临界振打加速度计算式.由此计算式给出了一种确定临界振打加速度的简易图解法.     

城市边界土地增值收益之经济学分析——兼论土地征收中的农民利益保护

经济发展使得城市增长具有必然性。而城市增长又会带来城市内外特定区位土地价格的增加。城市边界区土地价格具有自身的特点。从动态的城市地价模型分析来看．其增值不仅来自于外部性作用，还得益于城市的扩张。城市的扩张有两种方式：一是由于城市化和收入的增加导致城市地租曲线整体向外平移；二是即使人口保持不变，但由于交通的改善使得城市地租曲线逆时针旋转。不能以农业地价来定量边界区土地价格。因为该区土地增值不仅仅来自于外部性，农民具有参与增值分割的权利。应该重新建立土地征收补偿的价格体系．保护农民的合法权利。