大风量低浓度VOCs气体二次吸附浓缩净化技术开发

针对许多生产工艺过程的VOCs排放呈现出大风量、低浓度和间歇排放的特点,本研究以活性炭和异丙醇为例进行了一种针对低浓度气体的吸附加中温再生二次吸附净化工艺的研发。结果表明,在入口浓度约400 mg/m3时,活性炭在30℃和70℃的平衡温度之间存在约4%的吸附有效工作容量。对再生能耗对比发现,进口VOCs浓度越低,新工艺节能效果越明显。吸附穿透曲线表明,随着过滤风速的减小,穿透前能处理的风量随之增加。对于低浓度吸附净化过程,采用中温脱附可以有效浓缩有机气体,最大可达5.62倍。以上结果表明,对于低浓度吸附净化过程,采用中温脱附加二次吸附可起到经济有效地浓缩有机气体的作用。     

改性木屑对水中苯胺的动态吸附

采用β-环糊精对木屑改性用于吸附苯胺,通过固定床实验考察了吸附床高度（10~30 mm）、进水流速（2.7~8.1 mL·min-1）和苯胺初始浓度（50~200 mg·L-1）对穿透曲线的影响,同时使用BDST模型对吸附穿透曲线进行拟合。结果表明,改性木屑可以有效吸附苯胺,随着高度的增加,穿透时间延长,固定床对苯胺的去除率增大;随着苯胺进水流速和初始浓度的增加,穿透时间缩短,固定床对苯胺的去除率降低;BDST模型对穿透曲线的拟合效果较好（Ct/C0=0.7,R2=0.999 0）,随着运行时间的增加,固定床的吸附速率常数（Ka）变小,对苯胺的吸附量（N0）增大;当改变流速时,运用该模型能较准确的预测吸附固定床的操作时间。     

废弃物基活性炭吸附挥发性有机污染物特性的研究

研究了废弃物基活性炭对挥发性有机污染物中的典型组分--甲苯的吸附特性.结果表明,废弃物基活性炭吸附甲苯等温线的类型系优惠型吸附等温线,表明具有良好的吸附能力;同时其吸附甲苯时穿透时间的对数与甲苯入口浓度的对数之间具有良好的线性相关性,即可由吸附高浓度甲苯时的穿透时间估算低浓度时的穿透时间;动态吸附时废弃物基活性炭的中孔对甲苯亦具有一定的吸附性能.     

涂铁多孔陶瓷对水中亚甲基蓝的动态吸附

研究了涂铁多孔陶瓷填料柱对水中亚甲基蓝（MB）的动态吸附性能。探讨了填料高度、MB初始质量浓度和流速对穿透曲线的影响;分别用BDST模型、Thomas模型和线性回归对动态吸附实验数据拟合,获得了相关参数,并研究了填料的再生性能。结果表明,涂铁多孔陶瓷（IOCPC）能有效去除水中MB,填料层升高,穿透曲线上的穿透点向右移动,穿透时间延长;而随流速、MB初始质量浓度的增大,穿透曲线上的穿透点向左移动,穿透时间缩短。用BDST模型能准确预测穿透时间,误差＜5%;用Thomas模型可较好地描述了MB浓度为10和50 mg/L、初速为2 mL/min时IOCPC对MB的吸附动力学,相关系数分别为0.99和0.93,平衡吸附容量分别为0.078和0.13 mg/g。对吸附饱和后的涂铁多孔陶瓷可用pH=3的硝酸再生,重复使用3次穿透曲线上的穿透点基本不变。     

利用13X沸石分子筛净化含NH+4-N废水的实验研究

研究了13X沸石分子筛在静态和动态条件下对中低浓度含NH⁺₄-N废水的吸附性能,包括影响吸附的主要因素、沸石对NH⁺₄-N的吸附效果和沸石的再生等。静态实验结果表明,pH值为6.5～7.5,吸附时间35 min,吸附温度20～30℃的条件下,沸石对50 mL NH⁺₄-N初始浓度（C0）为80 mg/L的废水吸附效果最佳,吸附过程符合Langmuir型吸附等温式,饱和吸附量为8.61 mg/g。动态条件下,随水力停留时间增加,沸石对NH⁺₄-N的吸附量上升,最大饱和吸附量可达24.20 mg/g,吸附过程符合Thomas吸附模型。直接焙烧法对吸附后的沸石进行再生活化处理效果良好。实验证明,利用13X沸石净化中低浓度含NH⁺₄-N废水具有良好的工业化应用前景。     

胡焕庸亚线构想与长江经济带人口承载格局

从"胡焕庸线"的理论内涵出发,构想了"胡焕庸亚线"的基本构想、及其空间特征;以"胡焕庸亚线"为基础,结合长江经济带自然社会基础条件空间格局,测算了未来时期的资源环境人口承载力状况,并从胡焕庸亚线的视角细划了长江经济带的人口承载力空间格局,形成以长三角为首的阶梯式空间结构。并对长江经济带战略空间格局的优化提出若干建议。     

Sorption and desorption of lindane by wood charcoal in fixed‐bed reactor

Abstract

Sorption and desorption of lindane (y‐HCH) by wood charcoal (WC) and wood charcoal treated by 1N HNO₃ (WCT) in fixed‐bed reactor (FBR) were investigated in this study. WCT revealed a better performance than WC, in removing lindane in FBR. The breakthrough of lindane was significantly affected by the size of WCT, flow rate to the FBR, and depth of WCT bed. The removal of lindane in the presence of mixture of other pesticides was considerably reduced. The design parameters for FBR were calculated based on the bed‐depth service time (BDST) approach. Many parameters Viz. depth of sorption zone, velocity of sorption, sorbent use rate, critical bed‐depth, bed efficiency, and service time, were determined for design of the fixed‐bed. Using the material balance principle, the characteristics of the wave‐front were evaluated and found that the wave‐front velocity is approximately equal to the sorption velocity determined from the BDST approach. Desorption studies were performed in dilute organic solvent media and they gave an excellent performance in regeneration process.     

一种新型高温脱氯剂的基础性研究

以价廉易得的天然矿物及碱为化学活性组分 ,制得一种新型高温脱氯剂GH1。该脱氯剂在 6 5 0℃、空速2 5 0 0h- 1 和进口HCl气体体积浓度 1 80 0mg m3条件下的穿透氯容量达到 37 2 % ,同时机械强度合格。实验还考察了主要成分配比、空速和温度对脱氯性能的影响 ,并对床层氯分布进行了数学模拟     

Breakthrough Curves Characterization and Identification of an Unknown Pollution Source in Groundwater System Using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

Contamination of groundwater constrains its uses and poses a serious threat to the environment. Once groundwater is contaminated, the cleanup may be difficult and expensive. Identification of unknown pollution sources is the first step toward adopting any remediation strategy. The proposed methodology exploits the capability of a universal function approximation by a feed-forward multilayer artificial neural network (ANN) to identify the sources in terms of its location, magnitudes, and duration of activity. The back-propagation algorithm is utilized for training the ANN to identify the source characteristics based on simulated concentration data at specified observation locations in the aquifer. Uniform random generation and the Latin hypercube sampling method of random generation are used to generate temporal varying source fluxes. These source fluxes are used in groundwater flow and the transport simulation model to generate necessary data for the ANN model-building processes. Breakthrough curves obtained for the specified pollution scenario are characterized by different methods. The characterized breakthrough curves parameters serve as inputs to ANN model. Unknown pollution source characteristics are outputs for ANN model. Experimentation is also performed with different number of training and testing patterns. In addition, the effects of measurement errors in concentration measurements values are used to show the robustness of ANN based methodology for source identification in case of erroneous data.     

Synergism of Ergonomics,Safety, and Quality—A Behavioral Cybernetic Analysis

Abstract

This report extends a control systems or cybernetic model of behavior to the behavior of groups of many individuals—organizations and institutions—operating together with technology as complex sociotechnical (ST) systems. The premise is that the level of quality in performance of a complex ST system is predicated upon the degree to which its organizational design incorporates elements of a closed-loop behavioral control system: control goals and objectives, sensory receptors, sensory feedback, learning and memory, effectors, and sensory feedback control. From a control systems perspective, ergonomics is essential to effective organizational self-regulation. If working conditions are poorly designed, work performance and safety and quality outcomes cannot be closely controlled. Conversely, as shown by field evidence, good design promotes synergism between ergonomics, safety, and quality as a closed-loop consequence of effective employee and organizational self-control of system performance, safety, and quality.