Production of phosphorus-containing oleochemicals through an epoxide route

Phosphorus-containing moieties can be added to the ninth and/or tenth positions of a fatty chain of a methyl ester utilising an epoxide route. In this route, methyl oleate is epoxidised, and then ring opened using dibutyl phosphate to yield – among others – a dioxaphospholane-containing derivative of methyl octadecanoate. Progress of the reaction was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Addition of a titanium and zirconium oxide catalyst increased the yield of dioxaphospholane from 27%, observed without catalyst, to 37%. A similar reaction using bis-2-ethylhexyl phosphate gave 22% and 29% yield. However, an aryl phosphate, diphenyl phosphate, was not active in these reactions. The aliphatic compounds obtained are likely to be useful sulphur and metal-free extreme pressure lubricant additives which are highly compatible with vegetable oil-based lubricants.     

Technological behaviour and recycling potential of spent foundry sands in clay bricks

The feasibility of recycling spent foundry sand in clay bricks was assessed in laboratory, pilot line and industrial trials, using naturally occurring sand as a reference. Raw materials were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution, and leaching and combined to produce bodies containing up to 35% wt. sand. The extrusion, drying and firing behaviour (plasticity, drying sensitivity, mechanical strength, bulk density, water absorption, and shrinkage) were determined. The microstructure, phase composition, durability and leaching (EN 12457, granular materials, end-life step, European Waste Landfill Directive; NEN 7345, monolithic materials, use-life step, Dutch Building Material Decree) were evaluated for bricks manufactured at optimal firing temperature. These results demonstrate that spent foundry sand can be recycled in clay bricks. There are no relevant technological drawbacks, but the feasibility strongly depends on the properties of the raw materials. Spent foundry sand may be introduced into bricks up to 30% wt. Most of the hazardous elements from the spent foundry sand are inertized during firing and the concentrations of hazardous components in the leachates are below the standard threshold for inert waste category landfill excepting for chromium and lead; however, their environmental risk during their use-life step can be considered negligible.     

利用"三废"制轻型保温隔热建筑材料

塑料的问世给人们的日常生活带来了极大方便的同时,也给人类居住环境造成很大破坏。人们使用后的聚苯乙烯泡沫包装盒(板)和塑料袋随处可见,形成了难以消除的“白色污染”。还有工业废渣到处堆积如山,没有得到充分利用。针对这种情况．笔者为了开发这些“三废”材料的新用途．利用泡沫塑料和炉渣表观密度小、空隙率大、保温隔热性能好等特性,研制了一种轻型保温隔热建筑材料,经过实验取得了良好效果。     

基于模糊概率的震害预测模型及其应用

将模糊数学中的模糊概率理论应用于震害预测之中,建立了模糊概率的震害预测模型.并应用此模型对单层砖排架柱厂房进行了震害预测;算例表明,该预测模型概念清晰,计算简单,效果较好.     

机械加工工人慢性肌肉骨骼损伤的调查研究

机械加工作业十分普遍，通过对１４０名机加工工人的调查，发现手、腕、臂、肩、颈和上背的疼痛及腕、上臂和上背的压痛与对照人群比，Ｐ＜ ０．０５差异明显，下背酸痛虽较对照人群高，但无统计学意义。这可能与机械加工时需取低头、颈前弯、上背前倾体位及勿需常弯腰等因素有关     

高掺量粉煤灰烧结砖的制备

研究了高掺量粉煤灰烧结砖的制备工艺条件。结果表明：采用半干压成型，在成型压力19．6MPa、煅烧温度1000—1050℃、保温时间8h的条件下，可制得粉煤灰掺量高达80％的烧结砖，其物理力学性能及耐久性能都超过MU15普通粘土砖。     

某地区机械制造业生产安全状况及分析

对某地区机械制造业的安全状况进行调查，通过对整个行业的安全投入数据和事故数据的统计，分析了该行业的安全投入现状、事故发生现状及二间的关系，认为造成该行业事故多发的主要原因是安全投入不足和人均劳保费用偏低，提出了机械制造业提高生产安全水平的对策。     

煤矸石砖在生态建筑中应用的市场潜力

通过分析煤矸石堆积所带来的环境问题以及在煤矸石砖与传统的黏土砖进行比较的基础上,从经济效益、环境效益以及社会效益几个方面分析了煤矸石砖在生态建筑中的应用前景,说明了煤矸石砖在生态建筑中应用的市场潜力是无穷的。     

振动试验夹具设计方法研究

根据型号项目振动试验的实践经验,提出了振动试验夹具设计的基本要求、方法步骤以及制作过程中应注意的问题,讨论了各类夹具的应用范围,对于产品振动试验夹具设计工作具有重要的指导意义。     

烧结烟气干法脱硫副产物理化性质及应用探索

简述钢铁行业烧结烟气干法脱硫工艺及国外干法脱硫副产物综合利用的现状,对干法脱硫副产物的理化性质进行测试分析,并对其在国内的应用作以探索性研究,重点分析了脱硫副产物制备蒸压砖的研究成果。