风速及泄漏量对无组织排放的苯污染物浓度影响的CFD模拟研究

利用Fluent软件对某化工厂苯污染物的无组织排放在居民区的扩散规律进行了模拟,研究并比较了风速及无组织泄漏量对污染物浓度的影响。研究结果表明：存在伙,当实际泄漏量大于QC时,敏感点的苯污染物浓度随风速增大而减小;当泄漏量小于伙时,敏感点的苯污染物浓度随风速增大而增大。风速较小时,随着敏感点到泄漏源距离的增大,敏感点的污染物浓度有减小趋势;风速较大时。敏感点的苯污染物浓度不仅与敏感点到泄漏源的距离有关,还与污染物的泄漏量有关。在污染物扩散方向的下风向街区内,迎风一侧的污染物浓度高于背风一侧的污染物浓度。     

聊城市春季交通源大气污染特征分析

为研究交通源空气污染状况,通过采用自动监测系统,于2009年春季期间,对在聊城市主干道附近布设的6个监测点的空气质量进行监测,获得了其空气污染物浓度特征（1）所有监测点SO2、NOx日均值与O3小时均值均未超标,且O3污染指数很低,表明二次污染甚微;（2）CO是首要污染物,PM10次之,两者日均值超标率均为100％。分析了超标污染物与交通流量的关系,结果表明,PM10浓度与交通量有较高的线性相关性,而CO浓度与交通流量无显著相关性。     

防毒面具用活性炭的结构与特性研究

从研究活性炭所具有的孔隙结构出发,重点探讨防毒面具用活性炭的结构与防护性能的关系,明确了不同结构特性的活性炭对不同类型有毒气体防护机理与性能的差异,为科学选择防毒面具用活性炭提供了重要依据。文章还对体现活性炭孔隙结构的主要指标——孔容积的计算方法进行了探讨。     

Addendum

Bags of S. auriculatum and a low‐volume aerosol sampler with filters were exposed, in parallel, to the urban atmosphere of Oporto at four sampling points and for about two months periods, between 1991 and 1994. The levels of lead in the moss (weekly samples) and in the filters (daily samples) were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the results were compared. In dry weather periods (relative humidity ≤ 76%) the rate of lead uptake by moss was approximately constant and proportional to the levels of the metal in atmospheric aerosols. A converting factor (CF = lPb_moss l (μg/g.day)/ l Pb_air l (μg/m³)) allowed conversion of the lead levels in S. auriculatum to those in the atmospheric aerosols. Because the moss fixed lead from gas, aerosol and particulated matter, the rate of sorption depends markedly on the distance to the lead sources (traffic) and on surrounding obstacles which retain particles. Therefore, specific calibration by mechanic monitoring at each point of sampling is required when moss bag samplers are used to provide quantitative information about lead levels in the atmosphere. In wet weather periods, higher but irregular rate of lead uptake was observed. In contrast, the lead levels in atmospheric aerosols decreased when the humidity increased due to wet deposition. Therefore, no proportionality between the lead levels in the moss and in the air were found.     

新型重力热管换热性能的研究

对一种新型重力热管进行可视化实验,观察热管工作时的最佳流型,并记录此流型下的工况参数。实验表明,重复实验结果数据基本吻合。并且对管内速度场进行数值模拟研究,通过分析模拟出的速度矢量图,建立本文结构冷凝段的数学模型。     

全面通风量在职业病危害评价中的应用研究

通风是有效控制尘毒危害的重要方法,全面通风是通风的一种类型,且有些作业场所必须采用全面通风防护设施,而全面通风量是全面通风的重要参数和评价指标。阐述了全面通风量的定义和适用范围,讨论了单一物质和多种物质并存时全面通风量的计算方法,并详细阐述了室内环境有害物质浓度限值Ys的确定方法,分析了基于通风换气次数全面通风量的计算方法,提出了在建设项目职业病危害预评价和控制效果评价中全面通风量评价指标的应用方法。     

宜昌市东山运河微塑料污染评估及年排放量估算

微塑料作为一种新兴的污染物受到世界的广泛关注.城市是微塑料污染产生的重点区域,而城市水体则是微塑料向其他淡水环境传输的重要载体.以宜昌市城区东山运河为研究对象,于2022年7月和10月分别通过现场采样、显微镜观察和傅里叶红外光谱测定等方法,鉴定和分析了东山运河水体中微塑料的赋存特征和潜在污染来源,并依据风险指数（H）、污染负荷指数（PLI）模型和比例流量法定量评估了水体中微塑料的生态风险和年排放量.结果表明,东山运河表层水中微塑料的平均丰度为（7 295±1 051） n·m^-3（7月）和（5 145±762.6） n·m^-3（10月）;其中,纤维状（27.63%~63.23%）、尺寸<0.5 mm（75.68%~96.2%）和彩色（22.73%~61.83%）的微塑料占据主导地位,材质以PE（30.1%）和PET（26.33%）为主;两种模型的评估结果显示,东山运河生态风险指数属于Ⅲ类,总体污染负荷属于Ⅰ类,部分点位污染负荷达Ⅱ类;通过估算得出东山运河每年向长江输送微塑料约3.37 t.总体而言,宜昌市东山运河微塑料污染程度属于中等,其污染来源可能是洗衣废水、个人护理产品和塑料废弃物等.     

Porous structure of activated carbon prepared from waste newspaper

In an earlier report, we presented a method for preparing activated carbon from waste newspaper as a way to recycle used paper for a purpose other than producing raw material for paper-making. In this article, we consider the porous structure of the activated carbon that affects its adsorption properties for various substances. The specific surface area of activated carbon prepared from waste newspaper was 838 m²/g, the micropore volume was 0.368 ml/g, and the mesopore volume was 0.138 ml/g, which is about the same as commercially available activated carbon. The activated carbon prepared from waste newspaper usually has a high content of ash, which makes little contribution to the adsorption properties. In particular, as compared with reagent-activated carbon, the quantities of mesopores with a pore radius of 3–25 nm and macropores with a pore radius of 25–250 nm were 8 and 14 times larger, respectively. Activated carbon prepared from waste newspaper has a well-developed porous structure, particularly in the mesopore and macropore ranges. Received: July 12, 1999 / Accepted: March 8, 2000     

武汉市巡司河中抗生素分布特征及生态风险评价

采用大体积直接进样—超高效液相色谱串联质谱法分析武汉市巡司河中45种抗生素的存在水平,评估其可能存在的生态风险。在巡司河布设6个采样点,于2022年12月—2023年5月进行采样并分析。结果显示,6个采样点共检出27种抗生素,检出最大质量浓度为874.2 ng/L;其中,氧氟沙星、左氧氟沙星检出率均为100%。监测期间,12月抗生素平均质量浓度最高（101.05 ng/L）,4月最低（25.87 ng/L）。6个点位中,点位S3与S5抗生素平均质量浓度高于其他点位,分别为1 721.20和1 734.07 ng/L;点位S4是巡司河与长江的交汇处,抗生素平均质量浓度最低（94.54 ng/L）。利用风险商值法对巡司河中抗生素生态风险开展评价,结果表明：氧氟沙星、罗红霉素和克拉霉素呈现出较高风险,左氧氟沙星、林可霉素和莫西沙星在大多数点位处于中等风险,其余几种抗生素风险较低。     

Choice of a Denominator for Occupational Injury Rates A Study of the Development of a Swedish Iron-Ore Mine

This study is concerned with the longitudinal representation of injury risk obtained using alternative injury-rate denominators—hours worked and production volume. It investigates injury risks at the underground extraction phase in a Swedish iron-ore mine. Six stages of mining development are defined, and three risk measures are employed: average injury rates (AIRs) by stage, injury rate ratios (IRRs) by stage, and annual injury rates (AnIRs). The two denominators give a quite different representation of injury risk at the early stages of the development of the mine, but tend increasingly to provide a similar picture (similar ratios) at later stages. It is concluded that automated production processes, as opposed to mechanized ones, tend to make hours worked and production volume interchangeable denominators. Choice of appropriate denominator may depend upon whether the individual or the production process is in focus.