浅析西吉县党家岔震湖形成原因及其对社会生活影响

现存于宁夏回族自治区固原市西吉县内、以党家岔震湖为代表的43个串珠状堰塞湖是由1920年海原大地震诱发而成。试图从土壤地貌、地形地势和水文河流三个方面对西吉县党家岔震湖形成原因予以分析,借此探究引发地震堰湖所必要的自然条件因素;另外结合史实情况,以居住方式、精神文化和经济发展三个角度来进一步揭示震湖"由无到有"这一自然环境变迁过程对当地社会生活所产生的影响,进而有益于对相关区域未来发展前景给予指导。     

Water quality of the King Abdullah Canal/Jordan–impact on eutrophication and water disinfection

The King Abdullah Canal (KAC) is an artificial water conveyor serving as raw water source for drinking water supply of Amman and for irrigation purposes in the Jordan Valley. The main water sources for KAC originate from the Yarmouk River, the Mukheiba Wells, and the Peace Conveyor. Water samples were collected from December 2002 to May 2004 to investigate changes in physicochemical parameters and parameters related to eutrophication along KAC. The catchment area of KAC is highly heterogeneous in terms of topography, climate, geologic conditions, and land use, resulting in great variations in the physicochemical composition of the canal water. The Yarmouk River and the Mukheiba Wells reflect the water quality of precipitation without much dissolution of halides, whereas the Peace Conveyor shows a groundwater characteristic. Main dischargers of N and P compounds are the Yarmouk River, and dams and wadis along KAC. The concentrations in the canal are mostly above eutrophication level for N and P. Along KAC there is an increase in chlorophyll a concentration and plankton counts. The formation potentials for trihalomethanes (THMs) and for integrated organically bound halogens are determined by chlorination to evaluate the consequences of water disinfection. Due to relatively high bromide concentration mainly brominated THMs are formed.     

西宁市浅层地下水化学特征及形成机制

地下水是西部干旱地区重要的供水水源，随着西部大开发战略的深入，工业化和城市化发展加大了西宁市对地下水资源量的需求，不合理的开发利用已引起地下水环境发生变化，探明地下水化学演化特征及形成机制，对防止其恶化，确保可持续利用至关重要.运用水化学和多元统计技术相结合的方法，分析了西宁市地下水化学特征，探讨了地下水的形成机制和不同因子的影响程度.结果表明，西宁市浅层地下水化学类型多达36种，以HCO₃-Ca(Mg)(占比60.00%)和HCO₃·SO₄-Ca(Mg)(占比11.81%)为主，草地、林地和裸地中地下水化学类型5～6种，建设用地和耕地中地下水化学类型复杂，多达21种，表明受到人类活动影响较强.研究区地下水化学演化过程主要受岩石风化溶滤、蒸发结晶和阳离子交换作用综合影响，主要控制因素分别是水-岩相互作用(贡献率为27.56%)、工业废水排放(贡献率为16.16%)、酸碱环境(贡献率为16.00%)、化肥、农药的过量施用(贡献率为13.11%)和生活污水(贡献率为8.82%).针对西宁市地下水化学特征及其人类活动影响，提出...     

INFLUENCES OF A FOREST ON THE HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY OF TWO MOUNTAIN STREAMS1

ABSTRACT The influence of a forest on the formation of steps in two small streams of the Colorado Rocky Mountains was studied. Steps provided by logs fallen across the channel added to flow energy reduction. The streams required additional gravel bars to adjust to slope. Average step length between logs and gravel bars was strongly related to channel gradient and median bed material size. Based on the average number of log steps per 50 feet of channel, an average of 116 percent of gravel bars were added at Fool Creek and 60 percent at Deadhorse Creek. The latter had 52 percent more logs in the channel and therefore required less bed material movement than the former. Although these are “rushing mountain streams,” most flow velocities ranged between 0.5 and 2.5 f.p.s. Exponents of a function relating rate of change of depth or velocity to discharge indicated that dynamic stream equilibrium was attained. Implications for forest management are that sanitation cuts (removal of dead and dying trees) would not be permissible where a stream is in dynamic equilibrium and bed material movement should be minimized.     

VOCs走航观测在城市污染源排查中的应用

为推进城市空气质量精细化管理工作的实施,实现VOCs污染源精准排查,2019年3-4月,利用单光子电离飞行时间质谱对青岛市重点区域进行了VOCs走航观测。在排查到的污染源中,工业区的VOCs浓度较生活区整体偏高,且生活区、工业区夜间的VOCs浓度均较白天高。VOCs各类组分中,生活区白天苯系物、卤代烃、烯烃、烷烃的占比均在20%左右,夜间苯系物占比明显升高;工业区苯系物在白天和夜间的占比均最高,其他组分相对较小。浓度较高的前10位VOCs物种中,生活区白天烯烃物种占主导,夜间烷烃物种的比重明显增加;工业区苯系物、烯烃物种在白天和夜间的比重均较大,烷烃物种较小。生活区VOCs的污染源主要为机动车尾气排放和油品挥发,工业区主要为企业排放。烯烃和苯系物臭氧生成贡献较烷烃高,特别是丁烯、戊烯、己烯、甲苯、二甲苯/乙苯、三甲苯贡献显著,建议作为优控物种重点管控。     

安徽铜陵地区的大隆组

大隆组属岩石地层单位,系指一套灰黑色硅质层、硅质泥岩、页岩夹灰岩的海相沉积。按岩性特征其顶界划在三叠系殷坑组底部黄绿色泥岩或灰白色粘土层之下:其底界以“压煤灰岩”之底为宜。 大隆组上部生物群组合为Pseudotirolites,下部为Anderssonoceras组合,其时代应为吴家坪期至长兴期。     

东南沿海陆相多旋回双模式火山岩

以闽东永泰地区为实例,具体阐述东南沿海陆相多旋回双模式火山岩及其区域性分布特点。早白垩世为主要形成期,与世界其它地区以太古代为主体有所不同。区内双模式火山岩为主元结构,Ⅰ旋回(下组合)为沉积岩——玄武岩——流纹质凝灰岩;Ⅱ旋回(上组合)为沉积岩——碱性玄武岩——流纹质凝灰岩;Ⅲ旋回为沉积岩——玄武岩——火山集块岩及钾长流纹岩,其形成的构造环境为活动大陆边缘板内拉张环境,岩浆结晶温度大约在970—1156℃,估算过渡岩浆房形成深度约3.5—5km。     

桂中旱片的成因机制及旱片综合区划

桂中地区降水不少，但由于自然及人为等因素，旱情严重，成为广西著名的旱片之一。对其成因机制的探讨是桂中环境治理和区域开发的科学基础。在概述地质地理特征的基础上，进行了桂中旱区的干旱时空分析，重点揭示了桂中旱片的成因机制；然后，根据干旱类型、旱灾脆弱度及从便于地下水利用出发，进行了桂中旱片的综合区划；最后，遵循生态环境治理、综合抗旱与脱贫致富相结合的原则，提出了治理对策措施。     

基于EEMs和DOM分离的荧光特征及DBPsFP研究 ——以南方某市水源水为例

以南方某市饮用水源地源水为研究对象,利用三维荧光-区域积分法(3D-EEMs-FRI)和DAX-8树脂富集分离技术,研究了水样各组分的溶解性有机物(DOM)组成特征、三维荧光光谱(3D-EEMs)特征;采用生成潜能测试,考察了典型消毒副产物三卤甲烷(THMs)和卤代乙酰胺(HAcAms)生成势以及其与水质指标和荧光强度...     

全新离子色谱柱-抑制型电导法检测饮用水中痕量溴酸盐

采用一种全新的高效高容量离子色谱柱-抑制型电导检测器检测饮用水中痕量溴酸盐.高容量碳酸盐/氢氧化物双重选择性的IonPac AS23阴离子交换柱,碳酸钠/碳酸氢钠缓冲溶液等度淋洗,抑制型电导检测.该方法的检测限(S/N=3)为0.225μg·l-1,线性相关系数r＝0.9999,RSD为1.151%-7.872%,回收率为97.6 %-111.1 %.