黑钨矿的氧扩散动力学

在水压100 MPa,温度500~800℃和富18O水的热液条件下,开展了黑钨矿氧扩散动力学的实验研究。并由离子探针质谱测定平行于c轴和垂直于c轴的黑钨矿氧同位素扩散剖面。经实验研究获得了黑钨矿氧扩散的Arren ius关系。黑钨矿平行于c轴氧扩散的指数前因子D0为1.15×10-6cm2/s,扩散活化能Q为171.4±7.4 kJ/mol;垂直于c轴的氧扩散的指数前因子D0为8.51×10-7cm2/s,扩散活化能Q为170.8±7.8 kJ/mol。黑钨矿的氧扩散无明显方向性。黑钨矿的氧扩散交换封闭温度低于透辉石、角闪石和金红石,高于钙长石,与磁铁矿十分接近。     

低压离子色谱分离化学发光在线检测NO2-S2-

研究了低压离子色谱分离-柱后鲁米诺化学发光检测方法,并分离测定了NO2-和S2-,以碳酸钠作为洗脱液,Luminol-H2O2-NO2-(或S2-)作为化学发光检测体系,对NO2-和S2-两种阴离子进行在线检测.测定的线性范围分别为NO2-:5.0×10-8～10-6g/mL;S2-:1.0×10-8～6.0×10-7g/mL.检测限NO2-为:3.0×10-9g/mL,S2-为:1.4×10-9g/mL.该方法用于水样中NO2-和S2-含量的测定,结果满意.     

产朊假丝酵母生物吸附Cu2+影响因素及吸附机理的研究

选取产朊假丝酵母作为生物吸附材料,在确立Cu2 最佳吸附条件的基础上,通过细胞内pH值荧光探测剂测定酵母吸附重金属前后的pH值变化,以及运用phengreen细胞内外重金属荧光探测剂进行重金属分布定位,对酵母生物吸附的机理进行了初步的探讨.实验结果表明,最佳吸附条件为PH 4.49～5.04,[酵母]:[Cu2 ]为60:1;酵母细胞内pH值随吸附时间的增加而有所升高,并由酸性变为弱碱性,与此同时酵母死亡率也随吸附时间的增加而迅速增加;生物吸附主要集中在细胞壁的结合位点上,在细胞内部基本没有;生物吸附过程分为2个步骤,首先是一个快速过程,然后是一个慢速过程,但吸附中出现的慢速过程并不一定代表重金属由细胞外进入细胞内.     

阳离子改型蛭石的铵离子交换平衡特性

对经Na^＋，Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋等不同离子处理的改型蛭石在不同pH和温度条件下进行了铵离子交换性能的研究。结果表明，交换反应均在前60min速率最快，约120min就趋向于平衡：铵离子交换总量均随pH变化而波动，在pH=7点上取最大值，且全交换容量按镁型蛭石、钙型蛭石，钠型蛭石顺序依次增大，每100g蛭石分别为59.32，71.89、92.85mmol；改型蛭石对NH^＋4等温交换吸附与Langmuir方程相符。表明改型蛭石对NH^＋4的吸附主要是单分子层的化学吸附。     

电子去离子净水技术

概述了EDI净水技术的发展历程、原理、组件型式与性能     

Wet deposition chemistry studies at Suva, Fiji, a remote tropical island site in the south Pacific

A field project encompassing wet-only rainwater sampling was initiated as a bilateral Fiji/Australia activity. Normally, biweekly samples were collected, using a wet-only rainwater sampler, and analysed for H⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, NH₄ ⁺, Cl^–, NO₃ ^–, SO₄ ^2–, PO₄ ^3-, methane sulphonic acid, oxalic acid, formic acid and acetic acid. The pH of the rainwater ranged between 5.730 and 4.480 with an average value of 5.176, slightly lower than the pH of unpolluted rainwater saturated with atmospheric CO₂(pH = 5.650). Na⁺and Cl^–were the major ions with average concentrations of 98.15 M and 109.57 M respectively. There is an excellent correlation between the cation sum (average 147.71 eq L^-1) and the anion sum (average 142.12 eq L^-1) attesting to the quality of the data generated. This paper presents the detailed results of the study for a relatively clean remote island site in Suva, Fiji, latitude 18° 09 S, longitude 178° 27 E, height 6 m, and outlines prospects for further work.     

K+对Fe(Ⅵ)生成的稳定促进作用和机理研究

研究了在生成高铁酸盐反应过程中K⁺对Fe(Ⅵ)的稳定促进作用和机理.结果表明,当反应温度大于50℃时,K⁺比Na⁺更有利于高铁酸盐的生成.K⁺促进高铁酸盐溶液生成的最佳反应温度为65℃.在生成高铁酸盐反应过程中,增加K⁺浓度能提高高铁酸盐的产率,并且随着硝酸铁投加量的增加,K⁺影响显著.在硝酸铁投加量为85 g/L时,采用4.4 mol/L KOH制备的Fe(Ⅵ)浓度为0.05 mol/L;加入2 mol/L K⁺后,Fe(Ⅵ)浓度增加到0.15 mol/L.K⁺对高铁酸盐溶液生成浓度的影响在硝酸铁投加量大于75 g/L,反应温度低于55℃,ClO^-浓度低于1.16 mol/L时较为显著.K⁺在一定程度上可替代部分碱度,降低OH^-用量.在反应过程中K⁺能包裹在FeO^2-₄周围,减少Fe³⁺与FeO^2-₄接触,从而减缓Fe³⁺对FeO^2-₄的催化分解作用;同时K⁺能与FeO^2-₄生成K₂FeO₄晶体沉淀析出,降低溶液中FeO^2-₄浓度,Fe(Ⅵ)分解速率减缓,稳定性增加,Fe(Ⅵ)生成浓度增加.     

Characterization of Fe5(AsO3)3Cl2(OH)4·5H2O, a new ferric arsenite hydroxychloride precipitated from FeCl3–As2O3–HCl solutions relevant to arsenic immobilization

Tooeleite(Fe6(As03)4 SO4(OH)4·4 H_2 O) is widely precipitated for direct As(III) removal from sulfate-rich industrial effluents.However,whether or not Fe(III)-As(III)-Cl(-I) precipitate is produced in chloridizing leaching media for As immobilization is almost unknown.This work founded the existence of ferric arsenite(hydroxy)chloride as a new mineral for As(III)removal.Its chemical composition and solid characterization were subsequently studied by using scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive spectrometer(SEM-EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),infrared(FT-IR),Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric(TG)curve.The results showed the formation of a yellow precipitate after 3-days reaction of Fe(III)/As(III) with molar ratio≈1.7 in chloride solution at pH 2.3 neutralized with NaOH.Compared with tooeleite,chemical analysis and solid characterization indicated that Cl(-I)replaces S04(-II) producing ferric arsenite hydroxychloride with formula Fe5(As03)_3-Cl_2(OH)4·5 H_2 O.This new plate shaped solid showed better crytallinity than tooeleite,although it has similar morphology and characteristic bands to tooeleite.The FT-IR bands at 628,964 cm-1 and the Raman bands at 448,610,961 cm-1 were assigned to Fe-O or As(Ⅲ)-O-Fe or As(Ⅲ)-O bending/stretching vibration,indicating that both arsenite and chloride substituted for the position of sulfate for ferric arsenite hydro xychloride produced due to the lack of the SO_4~(2-) vibrations.Cl-(I) also contributed to increase As removal efficiency in aqueous sulfate media under acidic pH conditions via the probable formation of sulfatechloride ferric arsenite.     

海洋平台不间断电源锂离子蓄电池故障诊断

目的针对海洋平台不间断电源(Uninterrupted Power Supply,UPS)可靠性要求高,工作环境复杂等特点,建立一种基于多模型粒子滤波的海洋平台UPS故障诊断系统。方法该系统基于飞思卡尔芯片建立各模块间的通信,并根据锂离子电池故障实验后的参数建立故障模型,通过条件概率对海洋平台UPS的正常、过充、过放和过热四类状态进行诊断,提高海洋平台UPS的可靠性。结果使用部分实验所得数据测试了诊断系统对单一故障和复合故障诊断的结果,得到诊断算法对过充、过放和过热三种故障的诊断时间在5 s以内,准确率极高。结论测试结果显示,设计得到的海洋平台UPS故障诊断系统可以准确迅速地诊断故障类型。     

离子色谱法测定钻井废水中的S~(2-)

川东气田生产过程中产生的废水含有硫化物,且色度深、浊度大。为测定废水中的Ｓ２－含量,实验探索了将Ｓ２－氧化成ＳＯ２－４后用离子色谱测定的方法。进行了Ｓ２－的转化率实验,结果表明：Ｓ２－含量在０～２．７ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内可以被完全氧化成ＳＯ２－４,转化率为９８．８％～１０８．０％。同时进行了该方法的精密度和准确度实验,并与碘量法进行了对比,对同一标样和实际样品的测定两种方法的结果吻合较好,该方法测定钻井废水中的Ｓ２－含量,可以避免色度、浊度的干扰,且简便、灵敏、准确