高硫酸盐难降解废水高温厌氧处理中限量曝气的应用及影响

由于硫酸盐还原的影响,普通高温UASB反应器处理亚硫酸盐纸浆厂排出的高硫酸盐难降解废水过程中甲烷菌活性受到了严重抑制.考虑到空气对硫化氢的吹脱和对硫化物的氧化作用可能减轻硫化物对甲烷菌的抑制,本研究在厌氧反应器中引入限量曝气措施.试验结果表明,反应器的运行稳定性和处理能力均得到大幅提高.在有机负荷提高到原来2倍的情况下,曝气后COD去除率仍有提高,从40%～50%提高到60%～70%.试验证明部分甲烷菌可以耐氧,而某些种类的水解酸化细菌则对不完全厌氧环境比较敏感.     

基于权重因子模型的建筑荷载作用下地面沉降危险性评价

针对于城市化进程中建筑荷载引发地面沉降的问题,以天津市局部地区为例,应用权重因子模型对其危险性进行了分析和评价。文中根据该区域的建筑物密集程度、建筑的结构和基础形式、土壤物理性质、水文地质条件等基础数据,应用GIS空间分析的方法分别提取了建筑容积率、土壤竖向应力、压缩层厚度、土壤压缩模量、地下水埋深、地下水渗透性六个诱发因子,经过条件独立性测试,将相互独立的因子组合成六种形式,然后,通过统计对比每个因子的权重值进行叠加分析,绘制了危险性分布图,从而进行地面沉降的危险性评价,最后,评价结果通过受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)验证,表明在使用全部因子进行危险性评价的情况下,分析精确度能够达到85.15%,在使用其他因子组合的情况下,分析精度均超过70%,说明这种评价方法具有较高的准确性和适用性。     

Harnessing the bonanza: economic liberalization and capacity building in the mineral sector

Over the past decade many developing and transition economies have liberalized their investment regimes for mining and privatized formerly state-owned mineral assets. In response, these economies have witnessed increased foreign investment in exploration and development, growth in the number and diversity of mineral projects, and the opening up of new channels for harnessing increased economic and social benefits from development in the minerals sector. The restructuring of fiscal and regulatory regimes to encourage foreign investment, and the associated influx of mining capital, technology and skills, is transforming traditional relationships between mining firms, local communities and the government. This transformation necessitates a re-evaluation of the most effective policy approaches to capture increased economic and social benefits from mineral production. This article considers effective mechanisms for improving the capacity of developing and transition countries to maximize the economic and social benefits of mineral production. Common challenges associated with minerals economies are reviewed. Consideration is given to the opportunities for harnessing foreign direct investment and the possibilities for creating new partnerships between local communities, industry, government, and multilateral development agencies through social investment projects. The article concludes with a series of recommendations for the design and implementation of policy approaches towards harnessing mineral production for economic and social benefit following the liberalization of investment regimes for mining.     

理性对待 稳妥操作 切实调整完善废旧物资税征政策

围绕废旧物资增值税税征管理政策调整完善工作，论述了其在废旧物资“产废”、“收废”、“利废”三大基础环节的现状及存在的问题，提出合理平衡三大环节的经济利益及打造三大环节税征链扣的建议，为切实做好废旧物资税征政策调整完善工作提供参考。     

沈阳商业城火灾及灾后修复

介绍了发生在沈阳商业城的火灾及灾后调查、检测和加固情况，从中得到一些有意义的看法。     

液化危险品储罐泄漏——扩散监测及仿真预警系统

根据国家八五科技攻关专题“易燃易爆重大危险源监控及预警技术研究”技术总结报告提供的素材，通过对危险品储罐的安全状态实时监测、建立泄漏扩散预测模型及其计算机仿真装置，构成监控危险源的预警系统，为预防重大事故、保障安全生产提供技术支撑     

包头6.4级地震多层砖房震害与分析

人们对于如何抗御地震灾害的认识,在很大程度上来自地震的经验,本文根据现场调查的结果,对包头地震中多层砖房的震害进行了统计,对不同设防情形的多层砖房震害进行了比较;还选取５栋多层砖房进行了抗震验算,并与其实际震害进行了对比分析。     

AN OVERVIEW OF POROUS PAVEMENT RESEARCH1

ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the economics, advantages, potential applications, and status and future research needs of porous pavements. Porous pavements are an available storm water management technique which can be used on parking lots and low volume roadways in order to reduce both storm water runoff volume and pollution. In addition, ground water recharge is enhanced. Also, cost reductions result due to elimination of curbs, drains, and small sized storm sewers. Porous asphalt pavements consist of a relatively thin course of open graded asphalt mix over a deep base of large size crushed stones. Water can be stored in the crushed stone base until it can percolate into the subbase or drain laterally. Other porous pavement types include concrete lattice blocks and a porous concrete mix.     

COST ANALYSIS OF WATER AND WASTE WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES1

ABSTRACT: Mathematical modeling techniques are used to develop predictive equations for cost of water and waste water treatment processes in developing countries utilizing socioeconomic, environmental, and technological indicators. Predictive equations are developed for each of the three regions (Africa, Asia, and Latin America) for construction, operation, and maintenance costs of slow sand filter, rapid sand filter, stabilization lagoon, aerated lagoon, activated sludge, and trickling filter. Data analysis indicated that cost of water treatment processes is a function of technological indicator (percentage of imported materials), population, and the design capacity. The variables which gave the best correlation for waste water treatment cost were population, design flow, and the percentage of imported waste water disposal materials.     

Risk analysis for road and rail transport of hazardous materials: a simplified approach

A simplified approach to transportation risk analysis for road and rail transport of dangerous goods is proposed, which is based on the use of a product databank, containing the impact areas for a number of pre-selected accidental scenarios, and on the selection of a few typical average values of the involved parameters, relevant to the type of transport activity and to the route. Such an approach enables also a non-specialist to very rapidly perform a transportation risk analysis, obtaining both individual and societal risk measures for the study case(s): the results may be used to support a decision making process, and/or as a basis for a more in deep analysis.