三峡库区场地建筑安全评价研究

三峡水库自 2 0 0 3年蓄水后 ,水对斜坡 (滑坡 )的软化作用和库岸再造大大改变了库区的工程地质条件 ,库区的地质灾害严重制约了库区移民迁镇工程 ,场地建筑安全评价显得尤为重要。笔者根据库区工程地质的特点 ,提出了场地建筑适宜性评价的指标体系 ,建立了场地建筑安全评价人工神经网络模型。通过对红石包滑坡进行各种工况下的稳定性评价 ,利用稳态坡形、坡角工程地质类比法对红石包进行库岸再造的预测 ,对三峡库区巴东县新城区红石包油库建筑进行安全评价。为库区移民迁镇工作提供科学依据。     

纳米储氢材料贮存使用安全评估方法研究

储氢材料贮存使用的安全可靠性是安全工程和可靠性领域中的特殊问题 ,纳米储氢材料的使用 ,其安全性和贮存可靠性同时占有重要地位。笔者依据纳米储氢材料使用和在正常贮存状态下的失效特点 ,应用Poisson过程理论建立纳米储氢材料使用和贮存安全性评估数学模型和统计分析方法 ,给出了在一定置信度下纳米储氢材料贮存寿命与可靠度之间的关系表达式。为纳米储氢材料和新型能源材料研究和使用等提供了理论基础和应用控制的方法。     

Calculation of the stability criterion in the reaction of energetic materials

The stability in the energetic materials' thermal decomposition reaction is developed from both transient mass and heat transfer equations simultaneously. The derived equation is the sufficient and necessary condition for the reaction system's stability, which was expressed as:

In this stability equation, a modified Semenov number φ is the expressed function of three kinetic parameters, i.e., n, and β and two variables, i.e., x and θ, respectively. A reaction system is stable if its evaluated modified Semenov number satisfies this stability criterion. In the case of the minimum modified Semenov number φ_m, we can deduce the stability equation at critical condition as

The criteria of stability for the explosives TNT, RDX, PETN and HMX were evaluated using this formula, which was expressed θ_c as function of x at given n, η and various β as parameters.     

THE CASE FOR DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE TO HAZARDOUS MATERIALS1

ABSTRACT: Direct measurement of response thresholds of complex biological systems to toxic chemicals is now possible using microcosms and other simulation techniques. Extrapolation to no-observable response using application factors and data from single species toxicity tests is less precise than direct measurements.     

Community Exchange and Training in the Suid Bokkeveld: A UNCCD Pilot Project to Enhance Livelihoods and Natural Resource Management

Community knowledge exchanges have played a key role in developmental processes in the Suid Bokkeveld community of South Africa. Two exchange visits were undertaken with the support of the Department of Agriculture and an NGO, the Environmental Monitoring Group, which have led to local economic development and enhanced capacity to manage natural resources in a sustainable manner. These pilot projects were undertaken within the framework of the Community Exchange and Training Programme of the Global Mechanism of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). The methodology applied included facilitation to develop a community-based vision for development, in terms of which the community exchange process was designed. A Facilitation Team of service providers conducted preparatory workshops, and identified potential partner communities. Two exchange visits were carried out, one focused on Rooibos production and marketing, and the other on community-based eco-tourism. Following report-back and planning workshops, emerging community-driven initiatives were supported through their formative stages. The initiatives have not only resulted in enhanced livelihoods, but the methodology has also been applied widely in a number of different contexts.     

Connecting Community Action and Science to Combat Desertification: Evaluation of a Process

Combating desertification requires the involvement of many people ranging from communities who experience the effects on a daily basis and scientists attempting to understand the biophysical and socio-economic causes and consequences of desertification, to developers and policy makers on all levels. In many instances, however, the understanding, approaches and actions of these different groups contradict rather than support one another. Over the period 2000 to 2002, a conference process undertaken in southern Africa brought together communities, scientists, and development workers to test the concept that they could connect and work together to combat desertification, given an appropriate framework. The conference was a success, and communities, scientists and developers did exchange experience, knowledge and information. Many lessons were learned, although some pitfalls were experienced. Time, funding, enhanced communication, and good will are the primary ingredients for ensuring that different sectors complement one another in their efforts to combat desertification.     

实验室"三废"的处理方法

论述了含氰等7类实验室常见废弃物的处理方法，介绍了一种有机溶剂和3种贵重金属的回收与提纯，经防止实验室污染事故的发生。     

高层建筑震害研究

简要介绍了1985年墨西哥格雷罗7.3级地震和1996年丽江7.0级地震高层建筑震害特征.采用钢筋混凝土框架结构房屋震害预测方法对2000年姚安6.5级地震区的典型高层建筑进行了计算,将计算结果与实际震害进行了对比,分析了震害原因.     

中国救灾物资代储点优化布局研究

优化国家救灾物资代储点布局的目标是要提高我国的自然灾害应急响应能力和救灾时效性.构建了自然灾害发生过程中交通应急响应能力的评价指标和模型,包括陆地综合通行能力指数、空运通达时间和陆地交通通达时间,编制了相应的数字地图.结果表明:全国陆地交通综合通行能力在地域上是不平衡的,东南地区远远大于西北地区,其中以环渤海、长三角、珠三角地区最大;从通达时间来看,要以现有的10个代储点为中心来覆盖全国,空运至少需要7h,陆地交通运输至少需要48h,这使得许多地区的交通应急响应能力因运输时间过长而降低.最后,提出了国家救灾物资代储点的优化布局方案,建议新增6个代储点,以此实现灾中空运3h,全国各地均可送达救灾物资;陆运6h,全国近90%的地区可送达救灾物资.     

建筑材料火灾烟气减光性能的试验研究

笔者以木材、纺织品和塑料(聚苯乙烯) 3类材料作为高层建筑常用的可燃性建筑材料,对其在燃烧状态下释放的烟气进行了减光性能试验,研究了3种建筑材料在燃烧状态下,释放烟气的光学密度、减光系数、能见度及其相互关系,并建立了简明的函数关系式。通过试验,其结果表明,3种建筑材料释放烟气的光学密度随时间呈线性增长,烟场内疏散标志的能见度与烟气的减光系数、燃烧建材的性质、室内其他照明装置的开闭、疏散标志自身的亮度有关