村镇简易隔震支座数值模拟及施工应用

为改变农村建筑隔震技术的落后性,对现有技术成熟的橡胶隔震支座的尺寸和形状进行改良,板材依旧使用钢板,使其在满足农村建筑隔震要求的同时也兼顾工程的经济性,相较于为农村开发的纤维增强塑料板支座,这种隔震支座的理论体系和工艺更成熟,更适合大范围生产。为论证改良后的支座是否符合隔震需求,使用ABAQUS对其进行模拟,并将结果同试验结果进行对比,最后以昆明市富民县赤鹫镇项目探讨支座的可行性。经过模拟及赤鹫镇项目得出,简易隔震支座的力学性能及经济性都能满足农村建筑隔震要求,可以在广大农村地区进行推广。     

Boundary spanners as trust ambassadors in collaborative natural resource management

Collaboration is a growing trend in agency-led natural resource management in the USA, carrying the promise of defusing conflict and incorporating a broader range of stakeholder ideas. However, concerns exist that confrontational or litigious groups may use collaborative forums to their organization's own advantage. We conducted case studies on three collaboratives to understand how these efforts have influenced the behavior of environmental groups who were previously at odds with the managing agency, the US Forest Service. Results suggest that trust between boundary spanners from historically adversarial groups can support a realignment of the accountabilities they feel. As rational, affinitive, and procedural trust developed, boundary spanners began to advocate, within their home organizations, for the collaborative's goals. Key activities driving these realignments included the development of fair and transparent procedures governing the collaborative group, structured interaction designed to build consensus, and planned informal interactions that revealed shared values among collaborative participants.     

台风作用下建筑结构的可靠性评估

台风灾害是给人类造成严重危害的自然灾害之一,台风作用下受灾害最重的往往是沿海广阔的农村地区,本文针对低层建筑结构物,分析了台风造成的危害;分析了台风发生的频率,强度与全球地面平均气温之间的相关关系,统计分的分析了９０１５号与９７１１号台风资料,分别得出它们的风速概率分布与低层建筑结构物的荷载效应概率分布,运用有限元计算和实验比较的方法,得出了三层砖混结构建筑物的抗侧力效应概率分布,最后,利用结构可     

湿热、亚湿热地区气候环境条件对高分子材料的影响

通过高分子材料在广州、海南地区三年大气自然环境曝露试验与人工加速试验对比，探索该类地区气候环境条件对高分子材料老化的规律性的影响。     

高分子材料光老化试验与标准发展现状

耐光老化性能是高分子材料的主要工程化应用性能之一,其优劣影响着产品的可靠性及使用寿命。本文介绍了太阳光对高分子材料的影响效应及作用机理,并归纳了现阶段国内外常用的光老化试验方法及参照标准,最后指出其发展方向。     

建设用地监管数据地理本体构建方法

针对建设用地监管数据多源异构特性,难以实现语义级数据集成共享的技术问题,开展建设用地监管数据地理本体构建技术研究,提出由地理概念类、地理属性、地理关系、地理实例、地理公理构成的五元组地理本体模型,面向地理信息领域特点和建设用地监管数据内容构建建设用地监管数据本体体系,提出建设用地监管数据地理本体构建方法,利用该模型和方法实现土地利用地类地理本体的构建,为实现建设用地监管数据基于数据语义级集成奠定基础.     

矿山酸性废水中和渣制备建筑砌块

为了实现矿山酸性废水中和渣资源化,采用硅酸盐水泥(32.5R和42.5R)、铝酸盐水泥3种胶凝材料固化中和渣制备建筑砌块。在抗压强度和浸出毒性测定的基础上,通过X-射线衍射分析、热重分析等实验手段,探究了水泥矿物水化及其与中和渣中主要物质作用机理。研究结果表明,当m(水泥)∶m(干污泥)∶m(水)=1∶0.5∶0.75时,3种胶凝材料制备免烧砖的抗压强度均达到25 MPa以上,明显高于普通黏土烧结砖。     

碳质材料和溶解性有机质对沉积物中全氟化合物在摇蚊幼虫体内富集的影响

全氟化合物(PFASs)是一类具有疏水基团和亲水基团的新型污染物.目前,在环境条件对PFASs生物富集影响方面已开展了诸多研究,但有关碳质材料(CMs)和溶解性有机质(DOM)共存对PFASs在生物体内富集的影响还未见报道。为探讨这一问题,研究了沉积物-水体系中2种碳质材料木炭(W400)、多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT10)和4种DOM(丹宁酸、富里酸、蛋白胨和腐殖酸)对6种典型PFASs在摇蚊幼虫体内生物富集的影响。结果表明,暴露10 d后(已达到富集平衡状态),无论体系中是否存在CMs,添加1~50 mg C·L-1不同类型的DOM对PFASs在摇蚊幼虫体内生物富集的影响不显著。无论体系中是否存在DOM,添加CMs均能降低摇蚊幼虫体内PFASs的含量,且MWCNT10对PFASs生物富集的降低比例显著高于W400。与对照相比,添加0.4%的MWCNT10对摇蚊幼虫体内PFASs含量的降低比例为21%~56%,而同等添加量的W400对其降低比例均低于20%。这表明,在沉积物-水体系中,当CMs和DOM共存时,CMs是影响PFASs在摇蚊幼虫体内富集的主要因素,而少量DOM的引入对其影响不大。     

Copolyester-coated mineral fertilizers – preparation,characterization, and nutrient release

Two different copolyesters, aliphatic poly(butylene succinate-co-dilinoleate) and aliphatic-aromatic poly(ethylene succinate-co-terephthalate), were used in the preparation of controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs). The properties of the resulting polymer-coated materials were examined via scanning electron microscopy and strength testing machinery, whereas nutrient release was measured in water and soil with the use of photometric method. Both polymer-coated materials meet the criteria of CRFs when their polymer content is higher than 18 wt %. Differences in the results of the experiments performed in soil and water were explained by the discrepancies in the structure and composition of both copolymers and their degradation tendencies. Both polymer-coated materials were proven to be more resistant toward crushing strength than the initial fertilizer. For interpretation of the experimental kinetic data, a sigmoidal equation was successfully applied.     

Determination of traces of fluorine,chlorine, bromine,cadmium and lead in plastic materials

This paper describes the quantitative determination of F, Cl, Br, Cd and Pb in plastic materials. The concentration of the elements Cl, Br, Cd and Pb is first semiquantitatively measured by X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) directly in the solid sample with a detection limit of approximately 10 μg/g. Afterwards, F and any of the other elements which exceed the limit values for materials which are disposable without special precautions are measured after the digestion of the material. The samples are digested either under pressure in an oxygen atmosphere for F, Cl and Br or under pressure with nitric acid for Cd and Pb. The digestion converts the halides to the anions which are measured potentiometrically (F^‐, Br^‐) or with ion chromatography (Cl^‐). Cd and Pb are measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF‐AAS). The determination limits achieved are 20 μg/g for F and Br, 250 μg/g for Cl, 0.01 μg/g for Cd and 0.2 μg/g for Pb, all below the limit values set by current regulations in Switzerland.