黄浦江水提取物对姐妹染色单体交换的影响

采用姐妹染色单体交换方法,对黄浦江水提取物进行体外试验。结果表明,0.02ml/10ml浓度组各点水样的姐妹染色单体交换率,除上游竖僚泾和松浦大桥点外,下游各点及自来水均高于溶剂对照:0.02ml/10ml浓度组除竖僚泾点外,下游各点均高于溶剂对照。两种浓度均显示越往沿江下游,姐妹染色单体交换率越有增高趋势:0.03、0.04(ml/10ml)两个浓度组损害淋巴细胞。     

旧工业建筑改造工程安全监管博弈分析

通过构建博弈模型来研究旧工业建筑改造安全监管过程中政府监督管理部门和业主方的均衡战略,并分析修正后纳什均衡中的关键因素对博弈双方行为选择的影响。结果表明:增加业主方收益、减少监管成本、加大惩罚力度等可有效提高政府监督管理部门的监管效率,从而减少安全事故的发生,提高改造工程的质量。     

纳米铁炭复合材料的制备及对水中镉(Cd)污染的修复

为提高纳米零价铁对水体中镉污染的修复效果,通过液相化学还原法制备纳米零价铁颗粒,并用活性炭包覆,制备纳米铁炭复合材料。设计单因素和正交实验,探讨材料制备中的3个主要因素对材料降解水体中镉(Cd(II))的影响。结果表明:在炭铁比为0.2,硼氢化钠加料速率为32 m L/min,搅拌强度为1 000 r/min的条件下,材料对水体中Cd(II)的降解效果最好;实验表明纳米铁炭复合材料对Cd(II)的去除以纳米零价铁的化学还原过程为主,活性炭的物理吸附为辅。     

基于EEMs和PARAFAC分析典型碳材料吸附水中DOM特征研究

水中溶解性有机物(DOM)对全球污染物迁移和水处理工艺效能具有重要影响。采用3种典型碳材料,包括碳纳米管(CNTs)、颗粒活性炭(GAC)、粉末活性炭(PAC)分别吸附微污染源水中的DOM。基于荧光发射-激发光谱(EEMs)和平行因子(PARAFAC)分析,解析DOM中的有效荧光组分,评估3种材料对不同组分吸附去除的效果和吸附特征。研究表明:PARAFAC分析方法提取4种荧光组分C1和C2(腐殖酸类)、C3和C4(类蛋白类)。以TOC为基础的吸附等温线模型表明,PAC的KF值大于GAC和CNTs,PAC有丰富的中孔和较大的比表面积,吸附容量比GAC和CNTs更大。C3和C4 2个荧光组分在吸附过程中更容易被吸附,PAC对两者吸附容量最大。研究结果揭示了不同碳吸附材料对水中不同类型有机物的吸附特征,可为吸附工艺应用提供技术参考。     

基体改性抗氧化碳材料的高温氧化性能研究

目的研究ZrB_2-SiC复相组元改性碳材料在1800℃以上氧化气氛中的氧化性能。方法利用感应加热高温氧化测试装置测试抗烧蚀性能,通过SEM,XRD等手段对氧化产物的组成、氧化层的微观结构进行分析。结果ZrB_2-SiC复相组元的引入可以大大降低碳材料的氧化速率,在1800℃和2100℃高温氧化条件下,C-ZrB_2-SiC材料和纯碳材料的氧化动力学均遵循线性规律。结论基体改性抗氧化碳材料具有良好的高温抗氧化性能。     

Sustainable development of building of extensive roof greening in Taiwan

Taiwan government specifies that the average roof thermal transmittance must be less than 0.8 (w/(m²·k)) for the design of all residential buildings in order to implement the policy of saving energy. However, self-disciplined architects practice the design of aesthetic roof to blend in with green landscape so that they urgently expect the academia to provide roof greening technical information to support their idea of designing green roofs for residential buildings. In this research, a single-family housing unit is used for investigating the possibility of applying extensive roof greening to achieve building sustainable development. The experiment tasks focused on the soil denudation caused by rainwater washing and replenishing the soil carbon by irrigating the soil with gray water. Using tap water to irrigate the green roof for 12, 16, and 14 weeks causes nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium, respectively, to be reduced to less than the original levels, respectively. Applying gray water to irrigate the green roof soil will raise the soil fertility by improving nitrogen and phosphate but not obvious for potassium.     

The influence of building renovation and rental housing on urban trees

Urban forest ecosystems are complex and vulnerable social–ecological systems. The relationship between urban forests and housing is particularly variable and uncertain. We examine the influence of building renovation and rental housing on public trees at the parcel and street-section scale in a residential neighbourhood in Toronto, Canada. We use empirical data describing multiple tree inventories and government open data describing building permit applications to test for effects on urban forest structure, tree mortality, and tree planting. We found that the presence and number of building permits significantly predicted mortality at both scales, while planting was positively correlated with building permits at the street-section scale only. Multi-unit parcels had significantly lower rates of planting than single-unit parcels and multi-unit housing was positively correlated with mortality at the street-section scale. These findings suggest that where concentrated changes in housing stock are occurring, substantial losses of trees and associated ecosystem services are possible.     

毒气泄漏威胁下建筑气密性对就地避难效果影响研究*

针对我国毒气泄漏生产安全事故中就地避难策略的选择缺乏依据的问题，基于毒气扩散理论、建筑气密性分级模型及毒物浓度伤害准则，评析位于毒气泄漏源不同距离处不同气密性建筑作为“就地避难场所”的可靠性与有效性。结果表明:事故中，室外毒气浓度短时间内达到峰值后迅速回落，而室内毒气浓度达到峰值后回落缓慢；室内毒气浓度达到峰值所需时间受气密性影响小，但其降速随气密性等级的增大而明显放缓。最后，研究提出距泄漏源不同距离处就地避难建筑应达到的气密性水平。     

High-recycled-content hydraulic cements of alternative chemistry for concrete production

Sustainable hydraulic cements based on alkali aluminosilicate chemistry were developed with market-limited wastes acting as the primary aluminosilicate precursors. Two sets of formulations were developed with waste brick or impounded coal ash used at relatively large volume as aluminosilicate precursors. Supplementary materials were used to produce raw materials of viable chemistry. Blends of raw materials were transformed into hydraulic cements by input of mechanical energy without resorting to elevated temperatures. The resultant hydraulic cements exhibited viable strength development characteristics. FTIR, SEM, EDS and NMR analyses were conducted in order to gain insight into the structure of the hydraulic cements and their hydration products. The results pointed at the prevalence of calcium aluminosilicate hydrates among the products of hydration which thoroughly bound the non-hydrated cores of cement particles.     

建筑拆除垃圾应用于水泥混合材的试验研究

选用赣州地区20世纪90年代建成的现已达到拆除期限的建筑物的废弃混凝土和废弃粘土砖,分析了其化学组分和矿物组分,然后通过不同建筑垃圾掺量混合材试验、活性激发试验以及复合混合材试验。结果表明,掺适量建筑垃圾可有效提高水泥的早期强度;添加Ca O能够激发废弃混凝土活性,可达81%,可提高废弃粘土砖活性39.58%;废弃混凝土和废弃粘土砖相互抑制了彼此活性,不宜混合回用。建议建筑垃圾必须分类和活性激发,有利于提高建筑垃圾水泥的强度。