阳极材料对6 L微生物燃料电池性能及有机废水处理效果的影响

阳极材料是影响微生物燃料电池实用化的关键因素之一.本文以碳刷、碳布或石墨毡阳极和泡沫镍空气阴极制成紧凑式6 L单室双空气阴极微生物燃料电池(MFC),研究不同阳极材料对电池启动过程和运行以乙酸钠为基质的人工废水和实际屠宰废水的产电性能和废水处理效果的影响,比较了单位阳极成本的产电效益.结果表明:阳极材料对紧凑式MFC的启动过程没有明显影响;在产电性能方面,碳刷阳极MFC在人工废水和屠宰废水中的输出功率密度最高,分别为(56.3±1.8)W·m~(-3)和(19.5±0.8)W·m~(-3),其次为碳布阳极MFC,分别为(46.0±1.7)W·m~(-3)和(16.9±0.6)W·m~(-3),最差的是石墨毡阳极MFC,分别为(40.8±1.5)W·m~(-3)和(11.9±0.5)W·m~(-3);在废水处理效果方面,不同阳极MFC在运行人工废水或屠宰废水时COD去除率没有明显差别,均在90%左右.碳刷阳极MFC所产生的经济效益最高,在运行乙酸钠和屠宰废水时分别为(3.44±0.08)m W·元-1和(0.97±0.05)m W·元-1,分别比碳布MFC和石墨毡MFC高18.6%、12.8%和38.7%、80%.本研究结果说明碳刷是微生物燃料电池实用化过程中最合适的阳极材料.     

Decisions on recycling: Construction stakeholders’ decisions regarding recycled mineral construction materials

Construction and demolition (C&D) waste, being already the largest waste fraction in industrialized countries, is expected to increase in the future. C&D waste recycling has been considered to be a valuable option not only for minimizing C&D waste streams to landfills but also for mitigating primary mineral resource depletion. Even though the use of recycled mineral construction materials (RMCM) is regulated and successful application examples are available, construction stakeholders do not yet broadly apply them. Although various criteria hindering a transition towards a broader application of RMCM have been identified, it is yet unknown how these criteria differ among decisions, stakeholders and applications. We therefore analyze construction stakeholders’ behavior, and decision-making regarding RMCM for the construction material market in Switzerland. Stakeholders’ decision-making was quantified with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in a survey in combination with their behavior. The results demonstrate the importance of stakeholder interaction, i.e. most stakeholders decide which material to apply based on interaction with other stakeholders e.g., recommendations and specifications. However, the initial general specification by awarding authorities that construction should be sustainable has little relevance to the subsequent material decisions. On the contrary the role of the recommendation of engineers, have a high impact on the subsequent decisions by the other stakeholders. Results also confirm that RMCM are broadly accepted in civil engineering (CE), whereas in structural engineering (SE) RMCM are still a niche product. The good alignment of the outcome of decision modeling with observed behavior shows the usefulness of analyzing decision-making with AHP.     

油田污水过滤罐含油污染滤料再生技术

大庆油田污水处理系统产生的含油污染滤料,经过含油污染滤料再生工艺化学清洗、烘干、分筛、磁浮选等程序处理后,各种再生滤料重复使用于油田污水处理系统,清洗过程中产生的污水经自然沉降、旋流除砂、重力式过滤、杀菌和有机物降解处理后循环使用。减少油田含油污染滤料带来的环境污染,为油田节约了新滤料采购费用、废旧滤料集中堆放和处置费用。     

我国袋式除尘高温滤料的应用现状及发展趋势

综述了我国袋式除尘高温滤料在燃煤发电、垃圾焚烧发电、水泥工业等工业领域的应用现状以及高温除尘滤料未来的发展趋势。     

浅析建筑消防设施的现状、问题及对策

随着社会的发展,建筑的高度及结构复杂度越来越高,建筑消防设施的重要性日益凸现出来。当前,消防设施管理的水平取得了相当大的进展,但是仍然存在很多弊端。根据日常建筑消防设施监督检查及管理中的情况,文章认真分析了当前建筑消防设施的现状及问题,并从设计、施工、监督、管理等方面分析了造成问题的原因,同时结合新《消防法》及配套规章,提出从设计、施工、监督、管理和维保等方面加强对建筑消防设施的监督与管理策略,进一步提高建筑消防设施本质安全化水平。     

废硅橡胶二次裂解渣制多孔吸声材料的研究

采用吸声材料是吸声、降噪、改善声环境的有效手段。本文研究用废旧硅橡胶二次裂解渣和粘结剂为主要原料,采用压制成型的工艺,在常温下制成一种多孔吸声材料。主要考虑残渣里的硅烷类油份和所用发泡剂对试件吸声性能的影响。试验结果表明：所制吸声材料能达到一定的吸声性能,具有对环境无污染,施工方便等优点;且分离出硅烷类油份的灰渣所制试件比原废旧硅橡胶裂解残渣的吸声效果好很多,尤其在共振频率1250Hz下达到吸声峰值0.87。FP-186植物性水泥发泡剂相比FP-180动物性水泥发泡剂对试件吸声性能有所改善,使吸声特性曲线向低频方向移动。     

建筑垃圾再生骨料生产工艺及应用研究

采用进口移动式破碎-磁选-筛分设备,将混凝土类建筑垃圾加工成再生骨料,并掺入制备混凝土、干混砂浆、道路无机混合料。检测结果表明,再生制品性能可满足使用要求,再生骨料替代天然骨料比例可达到50%以上。     

Study on preparation and microwave absorption property of the core-nanoshell composite materials doped with La

Microwave absorbing material plays a great role in electromagnetic pollution controlling, electromagnetic interference shielding and stealth technology, etc. The core-nanoshell composite materials doped with La were prepared by a solid-state reaction method, which is applied to the electromagnetic wave absorption. The core is magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere, and the shell is the nanosized ferrite doped with La. The thermal decomposition process of the sample was investigated by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The morphology and components of the composite materials were investigated by the X-ray diffraction analysis, the microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The results of vibrating sample magnetometer analysis indicated that the exchange-coupling interaction happens between ferrite of magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere and nanosized ferrite coating, which caused outstanding magnetic properties. The microwave absorbing property of the sample was measured by reflectivity far field radar cross section of radar microwave absorbing material with vector network analyzer. The results indicated that the exchange-coupling interaction enhanced magnetic loss of composite materials. Therefore, in the frequency of 5 GHz, the reflection coefficient can achieve ?24 dB. It is better than single material and is consistent with requirements of the microwave absorbing material at the low-frequency absorption.     

中国绿色建材发展研究

绿色建材是一种不破坏环境，不能保护环境，节约能源和资源，满足社会发展的新型建筑材料。本文扼要介绍了我国绿色建材的发展现状，着重从三个方面分析了绿色建材评价标准，加强和完善绿色建材认证制度等建议以促进我国绿色建材的发展，从而保证环境、社会、经济可持续发展。     

窗用材料与建筑节能

门窗对建筑耗能的影响,近年已引起人们的关注,为了寻求窗用材料与建筑节能的对应关系,对各种窗用材料与节能的关系进行了理论分析,并对其关系进行了较详细的讨论.探讨其节能规律,以其为节能窗的设计提供一些可靠依据.