高层住宅楼小天井与外廊结构的消防安全问题研究

高层住宅楼已经成为城市建筑中最主要的建筑形式,高层住宅楼的小天井由于具有采光、通风功能又可以节省占地面积而受到开发商和用户的青睐。高层住宅楼采用小天井和外廊结构可能带来的消防安全问题,给城市的消防安全管理增加了不确定因素。采用数值模拟的方法构建了采用小天井与外廊结构的高层住宅楼火灾场景,并开展现场热烟试验,研究了小天井与外廊结构的火灾危险性,对采用防火玻璃分隔方法的可行性进行了论证。研究结果显示,采取使用防火玻璃将小天井和外廊进行分隔的消防措施,不利于外廊烟气的排放和人员疏散。     

环氧树脂体系功能化研究进展

简述了环氧树脂的优异性能,对国内外环氧树脂作为灌浆材料、环氧防辐射材料、金属防腐材料、环氧树脂防火材料、环氧树脂粘结材料和环氧绝缘材料等6种类型的功能化材料研究现状进行了分类总结和详细分析。在此基础上,指出了目前环氧树脂体系功能化研究存在的问题,最后展望了未来环氧树脂功能化研究的发展方向。     

废旧手机电池中钴和锂的回收及再利用研究

废旧手机电池进行人工拆解后,将正极浸入N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)中,使正极活性物质与铝箔分离.再利用酸浸-碱出方法回收正极活性物质中的钴和锂.确定最佳工艺参数为:0.8 molg·L-1的硫酸溶液,反应温度50℃,固液比1∶20g· L-1,水浴加热60 min.用饱和Na2CO3溶液沉淀锂得到Li2CO3,NaOH溶液将钴沉淀,400℃煅烧3h得到Co3 O4.按化学计量比将Co3O4与Li2CO3混合,预处理后700℃煅烧7h得到LiCoO2粉末.对再生的LiCoO2进行了结构和形貌测试,表明再生后生成了颗粒均匀、结晶度较好的LiCoO2.     

Stakeholders' views towards flood risk management in the Paz River catchment area of Guatemala and El Salvador

The river Paz is a transboundary river that flows through Guatemala and El Salvador. Its frequent floods endanger the lives and livelihoods of downstream communities. Attempts have previously been made to develop flood management programmes for this watershed. However, these approaches were generally made by high-level governmental institutions with few if any contributions from floodplain communities and other stakeholders. Recognising that public consultation is a key aspect in flood management programmes, we intend in this work to extract different stakeholders' views regarding current and future flooding and flood management programmes in the Paz River basin. This is achieved using Future Scenarios Workshops with a projected time horizon of 30 years. The exercise was expected to identify consensual short- and medium–long-term flood management strategies for the Paz River basin that draws on input from inhabitants of flood-prone areas and other stakeholders.     

Immobilization of lead in anthropogenic contaminated soils using phosphates with/without oxalic acid

Understanding the effects of oxalic acid (OA) on the immobilization of Pb(II) in contaminated soils by phosphate materials, has considerable benefits for risk assessment and remediation strategies for the soil. A series of phosphate amendments with/without oxalic acid were applied to two anthropogenic contaminated soils. We investigated the immobilization of Pb(II) by KH₂PO₄, phosphate rock (PR), activated phosphate rock (APR) and synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAP) at different phosphate:Pb (P:Pb) molar ratios (0, 0.6, 2.0 and 4.0) in the presence/absence of 50 mmol oxalic acid/kg soil, respectively. The effects of treatments were evaluated using single extraction with deionized water or CaCl₂, Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) methods. Our results showed that the concentration of water extractable, exchangeable and TCLP-Pb all decreased with incubation time. The concentration of water-extractable Pb after 120 days was reduced by 100% when soils were amended with APR, HAP and HAP + OA, and the TCLP-Pb was < 5 mg/L for the red soil at P:Pb molar ratio 4.0.Water-soluble Pb could not be detected and the TCLP-Pb was < 5 mg/L at all treatments applied to the yellow-brown soil. BCR results indicated that APRwasmost effective, although a slight enhancement of water-soluble phosphate was detected at the P:Pbmolar ratio 4.0 at the beginning of incubation. Oxalic acid activated phosphates, and so mixing insoluble phosphates with oxalic acid may be a useful strategy to improve their effectiveness in reducing Pb bioavailability.     

Leadership in sustainability planning: propagating visions through empathic communication

Despite their lack of decision-making power, planners frequently prevail in advancing strong sustainability agendas. A review of leadership and planning literature suggests that they employ collaborative practice. Using an ethnographic methodology that draws from the stories and actions of six planners with sustainability mandates, supplemented with a survey of their staff and colleagues, this research examines how they do it. Findings suggest that despite variety in their organisational contexts, the planners relied on strong visions and on forging and maintaining relationships to set and implement sustainability mandates. The planners deployed participative and collaborative values selectively in support of their mandates.     

Regulatory failures,split-incentives,conflicting interests and a vicious circle of blame: the New Environmental Governance to the rescue?

This paper addresses a current trend of New Environmental Governance (NEG). It examines whether NEG is able to overcome a series of complex regulatory barriers and market shortfalls that stand in the way of carbon emissions reductions in the building sector. Building on an evaluation of 20 NEG arrangements from Australia and the Netherlands, it discusses the limits of the effective implementation and use of NEG in this sector. The paper concludes by suggesting three strategies to improve the performance of NEG arrangements in the building sector.     

铝基吸附剂去除饮用水中氟的研究进展

活性氧化铝是饮用水除氟中使用最为广泛的吸附剂,但它存在一些问题,如吸附容量偏低、适用pH范围偏小、吸附平衡时间较长、出水铝超标等。针对这些问题,许多研究者对活性氧化铝吸附剂进行改进,将多种金属元素或金属氧化物以不同的比例和方式掺杂到活性氧化铝中,开发了多种基于活性氧化铝的新型复合吸附剂。其中被用于掺杂的金属主要有铁、镁、锰、锌及稀土元素等。文章按掺杂金属的不同,对铝基吸附剂的各类性能和除氟效果进行了比较,并对除氟吸附剂未来的发展进行了展望。     

Hg~(2+)对剩余污泥厌氧消化过程中物质释放的影响

以某采用A/O生物除磷工艺的污水处理厂排出的富磷剩余污泥为研究对象,设计两组厌氧消化比较试验,考察了Hg2+的毒性对剩余污泥厌氧消化过程中SCOD、VSS、SOP等相关指标的影响,藉此讨论相关物质的释放机制。结果发现,Hg2+的投加可以促进剩余污泥的水解,造成了短期内VSS的快速下降以及SOP的快速释放。当HgCl2投加量为0.25 g/L时,这个短期的时间尺度持续4 d左右;4 d以后,由于HgCl2对产甲烷菌、产酸菌以及聚磷菌均会产生不利影响,HgCl2开始抑制消化过程的进行,导致SCOD积累,VSS、SOP等释放速度减缓。这表明HgCl2可以促进水解释磷,抑制生物释磷。总体而言,投加HgCl2对剩余污泥中磷的释放是不利的。     

Transport risk modeling for hazardous chemical transport Companies—A case study in China

Traffic accidents of hazardous chemical transport vehicles strongly correlate with the operation and management level of road transport companies. An accurate risk assessment of these transport companies will play a critical role in improving their management and supervision and in turn the overall safety of roadways, property, and most importantly people's lives. Therefore, this study constructs a logistic regression scorecard model to evaluate transport risk of hazardous chemical transport companies and evaluates it using a case study in China. This study first selected 16 indicators from the dimensions of driver behaviors, driving performance, dangerous goods and company business operation to construct company user portraits. Next, a K-means++ algorithm was used to cluster the data samples of the companies on a monthly basis. On this basis, a scorecard was constructed based on a logistic regression scorecard model to realize and visualize the monthly risk portrait of companies. The constructed scorecard predicted transport risk of companies accurately. The results show that the more complex the types of dangerous goods transported, the higher the risk value of the company in the dangerous goods index. Moreover, for transport companies, the driver behaviors and driving performance on their trips are closely related to their business risk. In a practical application, the proposed scorecard can realize the dynamic risk monitoring of transport companies and enable managers and supervision departments to clarify where the risk is from. The transport companies can also carry out safety training and rectification for drivers and operations to reduce the occurrence of hazardous materials-related traffic accidents.