Preparation of n-Octadecane@MF resin microPCMs and its application in temperature control of esterification reactions

Reaction thermal runaway accidents occur frequently and occupy a high proportion in chemical accidents. Reducing accidents by controlling reaction temperature is of great implication to enhance the safety level of chemical processes. Phase change materials (PCMs) have a good energy storage potential, which can rapidly convert the reaction exotherm in the reaction process into its own phase change latent heat, urgently control the reaction temperature, and enhance the process thermal safety level. In this study, using n-octadecane as the core and melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin as the shell, microencapsulated phase change materials (microPCMs) was made, which has a smooth spherical shape, good thermal stability, and a phase change enthalpy up to 162.87 J/g. The homogeneous esterification reaction of 2-butanol (2 B) and propionic anhydride (PA) was selected as the target reaction, and then the reaction was scaled up equivalently to investigate the effect of amplification to the reaction system. The results indicated that the temperature control of the esterification reaction system by microPCMs is the synergy between physical inhibition and chemical inhibition. The reaction temperature could be controlled by adding microPCMs, and the temperature control effect improved with the increase of microPCMs addition. In large scale reactors, microPCMs still has certain temperature control ability after being added.     

功能化多孔材料对CO_2的吸附分离研究进展

功能化多孔材料拥有优越的CO_2吸附和存储性能,在燃煤电厂、玻璃炉窑、水泥厂、钢铁厂等高耗能工矿企业采用CO_2吸附技术,对CO_2减排、减缓温室效应具有重要意义。随着研究的不断深入,新型CO_2吸附材料呈现出廉价、易获取、高吸附率等趋势,当前研究重点集中在介孔硅、金属有机框架、沸石、活性炭、聚合物等的表面功能化。总结了上述典型吸附剂功能化的最新成果,重点介绍多孔吸附材料的功能化方法、吸附机理与吸附动力学的研究进展,并提出多孔材料对CO_2的吸附分离的研究空间和发展趋势。     

城市社区生态能力建设公众认知研究

采用问卷调查和访谈的方法,针对城市社区生态建设的相关范围、内容、方法和技术,进行社区生态建设公众认知调查。结果表明,〉90％受访者认同城市社区需要进行生态建设与改造,主要内容应涉及完善基础设施、环境污染整治及绿地建设等;有高达91．2％的公众认为公众有责任和义务参与社区生态建设;但对于参与生态环境监督执法、生态环境行政决策、生态建设立法和宣传等方面主动性不强;通过研究结果可清晰地看出公众对城市社区生态建设的需求及相关知识的了解程度,下阶段城市社区生态建设应关注的重点内容,以便更好地促进城市社区的可持续发展。     

Cr(Ⅵ)污染地下水修复的PRB填料实验研究

Fe0与Cr(Ⅵ)发生表层反应使Fe0-渗透反应墙(PRB)利用率极低且易板结、堵塞.针对Fe0利用率低,易板结、堵塞问题,研究了不同高分子材料包裹铁粉对受污染地下水中Cr(Ⅵ)的去除影响;实验结果表明,海藻酸钠(SA)作为包裹材料效果最好.FEI电镜扫描及EDX能谱分析结果表明,SA跟2价金属阳离子Ca2+交联形成孔隙结构,不仅为零价铁的附着提供了大量的吸附点位,还可使Cr(Ⅵ)进入到内部与铁粉反应.考察了SA包裹零价铸铁粉(SAC)和包裹还原铁粉(SAR)对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除影响;实验结果表明,SAC除铬性能是SAR的2倍.SAC填料工艺参数优化后,符合一级反应动力学;采用SAC填料进行动态实验,反应完全后铬/铁比高达32.25 mg.g-1,且填料仍然保持较高的渗透系数(2.38 cm.s-1);对SAC填料进行成本分析发现,SAC填料具有明显的价格优势,相比零价铸铁粉混砂填料节约成本76.56%.采用SAC填料治理Cr(Ⅵ)污染地下水是可行的.     

基于原料类型及末端治理的典型溶剂使用源VOCs排放系数

以珠三角地区典型溶剂使用行业为研究对象,包括印刷业、家具制造业和电子元件及设备制造业,进行基于不同原料类型和末端治理的VOCs排放系数研究,对比研究了典型生产工艺不同类型的原料VOCs组分与含量特征,不同原料类型及末端综合治理情况对VOCs排放的影响,最终建立了三大行业典型生产工艺基于原料类型及末端综合治理情况的精细化VOCs排放系数.结果表明,印刷业有机原料中VOCs组分主要为乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、异丙醇、正丙醇和乙醇等含氧VOCs,其占比约为原料总VOCs的60%～80%;家具制造业有机原料中含氧VOCs主要为乙酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯,占比约为原料总VOCs的45%～65%;电子元件和设备制造业有机原料VOCs组分主要为醇、醚、酚等含氧VOCs,苯系物及卤代烃等.印刷业VOCs治理前后综合排放系数分别为415. 2 kg·t~(-1)和184. 3 kg·t~(-1).其中,溶剂型原料为704. 9 kg·t~(-1)和200. 1 kg·t~(-1),水溶性原料为325. 6 kg·t~(-1)和230. 3 kg·t~(-1),UV型原料为197. 0 kg·t~(-1)和129. 0 kg·t~(-1),植物型原料为89. 0 kg·t~(-1)和89. 0 kg·t~(-1).家具制造业VOCs治理前后综合排放系数分别为379. 0 kg·t~(-1)和290. 2 kg·t~(-1).其中,溶剂型原料为603. 0 kg·t~(-1)和448. 5kg·t~(-1),水溶性原料为80. 0 kg·t~(-1)和80. 0 kg·t~(-1),粉末型原料为230. 0 kg·t~(-1)和184. 0 kg·t~(-1).电子元件及设备制造中,AC陶瓷电容器、CC陶瓷电容器、压敏电阻、铝电解电容器治理前后VOCs排放系数[单位:kg·(百万只)-1]分别为59. 7和40. 8、394. 1和269. 6、282. 4和193. 2、1. 2和1. 0.连续端子、漆包线和PCB印制电路板治理前后VOCs排放系数分别为56. 3kg·t~(-1)和42. 8 kg·t~(-1)、87. 2 kg·t~(-1)和28. 3 kg·t~(-1)、26. 4 kg·(100 m2)-1和11. 6 kg·(100 m2)-1.     

多功能救援属具应用效能综合评价

为了检验新型多功能救援属具在结构设计、制作工艺、功能组合等方面在实际复杂灾害救援场景下的应用实效,采用改进的AHP、熵权法和模糊综合评价方法从工作能力、工作效率、协作能力、维护能力等四个方面对2种新研发的多功能救援属具进行了应用效能综合评价的研究,构建了具有针对性及科学合理的评价指标体系,制定指标测试方法。结果表明:利用改进AHP、熵权法、模糊综合评价相结合的方法能够进一步减少人为主观因素的影响,提升评估结果的实用性和有效性;多功能救援属具提升了实际救援行动的工作能力和工作效率,应用效能评价结果同专家经验判断基本一致。     

山区坡顶建筑荷载作用下顺层粘土边坡稳定性分析

基于摩尔库伦本构模型和SRM法,利用MIDAS GTS NX有限元数值模拟软件,结合镇雄县某滑坡治理区域新出现隐患应急抢险工程施工方案,将该边坡在天然状态、砌石挡土墙加固、抗滑桩加固、抗滑桩+锚杆锚索框格梁加固4种工况模拟结果与现场实际情况进行对比,分析边坡及坡顶建筑稳定性。得出以下结论:该边坡砌石挡土墙的加固作用低于天然削坡状态;坡顶建筑为一层时,天然削坡的安全系数为1.069,存在安全隐患,在类似边坡修筑浅基础房屋前应对边坡进行加固处理;抗滑桩加固对坡脚滑动体起到了良好限制作用,此时边坡安全系数为1.184,仍存在安全隐患;锚杆锚索框格梁对边坡加固时,坡顶建筑与抗滑桩最大变形分别为4.92 cm与3.26 cm,相比抗滑桩加固缩小41.4%与30.2%,安全系数为1.622,相对抗滑提高40.0%,此时边坡处于安全状态。为类似边坡治理工程提供参考。     

应用绿色材料的室内设计对室内空气质量的影响分析研究

多数室内装饰材料中含有氡、苯、甲醛等挥发性有害物质,对室内空气造成污染的同时,还危害人体健康.采用绿色材料进行室内设计,可降低室内空气污染.对室内空气中的污染源进行研究,分析可吸入颗粒、甲醛、人造板材、地毯、壁纸及涂料等对空气质量的影响.通过对涂料、抗菌材料、无机木材和无机玻璃的应用进行论述,完成应用绿色材料的室内空气质量分析.采用绿色材料装饰后,对室内各区域空气质量进行检测,全面分析绿色材料对室内空气质量的影响.     

A global community-sourced assessment of the state of conservation technology

Conservation technology holds the potential to vastly increase conservationists’ ability to understand and address critical environmental challenges, but systemic constraints appear to hamper its development and adoption. Understanding of these constraints and opportunities for advancement remains limited. We conducted a global online survey of 248 conservation technology users and developers to identify perceptions of existing tools’ current performance and potential impact, user and developer constraints, and key opportunities for growth. We also conducted focus groups with 45 leading experts to triangulate findings. The technologies with the highest perceived potential were machine learning and computer vision, eDNA and genomics, and networked sensors. A total of 95%, 94%, and 92% respondents, respectively, rated them as very helpful or game changers. The most pressing challenges affecting the field as a whole were competition for limited funding, duplication of efforts, and inadequate capacity building. A total of 76%, 67%, and 55% respondents, respectively, identified these as primary concerns. The key opportunities for growth identified in focus groups were increasing collaboration and information sharing, improving the interoperability of tools, and enhancing capacity for data analyses at scale. Some constraints appeared to disproportionately affect marginalized groups. Respondents in countries with developing economies were more likely to report being constrained by upfront costs, maintenance costs, and development funding (p = 0.048, odds ratio [OR] = 2.78; p = 0.005, OR = 4.23; p = 0.024, OR = 4.26), and female respondents were more likely to report being constrained by development funding and perceived technical skills (p = 0.027, OR = 3.98; p = 0.048, OR = 2.33). To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to formally capture the perspectives and needs of the global conservation technology community, providing foundational data that can serve as a benchmark to measure progress. We see tremendous potential for this community to further the vision they define, in which collaboration trumps competition; solutions are open, accessible, and interoperable; and user-friendly processing tools empower the rapid translation of data into conservation action. Article impact statement: Addressing financing, coordination, and capacity-building constraints is critical to the development and adoption of conservation technology.