基于信息传播系统的人员疏散模型探讨

笔者提出了紧急疏散中狭义和广义信息传播原理,并在此基础上建立了一种基于信息传播系统的人员疏散计算机模型。狭义信息,即能被人员本身接受和作出反应可感知的信号,它的产生和传递对疏散过程有直观而显著的影响。而广义信息则是其进一步延伸,包括了疏散过程中各种具体行为和作用结果。为了更全面地模拟和再现疏散过程中人员行为,使用的模型引入了狭义的信息传播原理。该模型由4个子系统构成,即人员模型、信号模型、建筑模型和特殊场景模型,较为充分地考虑了火灾疏散中的关键因素。运用该模型不但可以对疏散中的人员特殊行为进行理论研究,而且可以为实际工程(如地铁站、体育场馆、教学楼、医院等高风险场所)进行疏散安全论证提供帮助。     

Use of inert C&D materials for seawall foundation: A field-scale pilot test

The generation rate of construction and demolition (C&D) materials in Hong Kong has well exceeded the demand rate. An innovative solution has been developed by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government to use the inert portion of C&D materials, denoted as public fill, for seawall foundation construction. A field-scale pilot test has been conducted to evaluate the constructability and engineering performance of the foundation so as to establish the viability of the solution. Details of the pilot test and results of the performance evaluation are presented in this paper. More importantly, the viability of an innovation solution to achieve effective allocation of sand fill resources, and conservation and recycling of inert C&D materials has been established.     

船舶修造安全工程专业人才培养模式

介绍了青岛远洋船员学院基本情况和国内船舶修造行业发展简况以及学院安全技术管理专业建立的背景,并从培养模式、课程设置、教材建设、实践教学等4个方面阐述了我院船舶安全技术管理专业的教学计划制定情况.     

城市建筑物快速震害预测系统

以往的震害预测方法往往需要调查建筑物的详细力学特性参数，这对个别社区的范围是可行的，但对整个城市的震害预测，则需要耗费巨大的财力、物力，因此需要研究适用于城市群体建筑物的快速震害预测方法。文中提出的城市建筑物快速震害预测系统，是根据模糊数学中的加权距离来判别建筑物的相似性，而采用类比预测的方法来预测城市未知建筑物的震害结果。该方法能够在较少的投资和时间下，迅速给出城市的震害预测结果。最后将该系统应用于泉州市的建筑物震害预测，结果表明该系统具有良好的可操作性和结果可靠性。     

Enhancing climate technology transfer through greater public–private cooperation: Lessons from Thailand and the Philippines

This article contributes to debates about climate change policy and technology transfer by analyzing the success factors underlying collaboration between private companies and communities in developing countries. To date, much attention to capacity building for enabling environments — including public–private collaboration — under the climate change convention has focused on state‐led initiatives and on the innovation and development of technologies. This article, instead, focuses on how private‐sector investors and host communities may collaborate in the diffusion of technologies, by reducing the costs of technology transfer, and making technology more appropriate to developing countries. The article describes cases of collaboration concerning waste management and waste‐to‐energy in Thailand and the Philippines. The article argues that successful public–private partnerships between investors and communities depends on minimizing transaction costs, strengthening collaborative (or assurance) mechanisms, and in maximizing public trust and accountability of partnerships. Lessons are then drawn for enhancing capacity building for technology transfer under the climate change convention and applications such as the Clean Development Mechanism.     

多层多室建筑火灾的缩小比例实验设计

利用中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室的五层模型楼研究多层多室建筑火灾,介绍了缩小比例(1:2)的实验设计方案、五层模型楼的改造方案并对温度测量、风流风压差测量、烟流成份测量、图像数据采集、实验过程中使用的燃料以及测点分布等进行了介绍,其中的实验结果将在后续的研究中进行报道.     

Consensus Building and Sustainability: Some Lessons From an Adverse Local Experience in Greece

The paper focuses on the example of a local island community in Greece, to illustrate the difficulties of effective consensus building, in support of sustainable policies. In the first section the issue of sustainability and the importance of participation are discussed, before moving to a brief outline of the nature of participation and its sources since the 1960s. It follows an analysis of the epistemological framework of consensus building process which is considered as the most integrated and sophisticated version of participatory planning. This analysis serves as a background for judging the appropriateness of consensus building for the resolution of an environmental problem harassing a Greek island community. It is about the problem of water availability and management in the small Aegean island of Leros. The paper shows how illegal practices in the use of water, administrative fragmentation and confusion over knowledge of the problem and its solutions lead to divisions in the stakeholder groups and to obstacles in the way of participation. The intrinsic problems embedded in Greek (and probably not alone) society and political culture, which prevent collective action and participation, account in part for the anticipated risk of unwelcome, illegitimate outcomes of a potential consensus building process. Nevertheless, if communicative planning is to gain universal acceptance, it should first resolve some critical theoretical and practical shortcomings related to its normative, ethical and philosophical assumptions. Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue.     

采动区建筑物移动变形规律实测研究

为了研究开采影响下的建筑物移动变形规律、指导矿井安全生产,兴隆庄煤矿专门在4326综放工作面上方设立建筑物移动观测站。通过对观测资料的分析研究,获得该区条件下建筑物的移动变形规律,给出建筑物移动变形与地表移动变形之间的单因素系列关系式,并总结了不同长高比条件下建筑物变形与地表变形之间的综合关系式,获得的一些有益成果为矿区建筑物下安全采煤及采动区建筑物保护设计提供了科学依据。     

建筑火灾风险评估研究

目前,建筑火灾风险评估常用方法有基于模糊数学的模糊综合评判法和基于性能化设计的性能化评估方法.在前人研究的基础上,利用系统原理,把建筑作为一个由若干相对独立的空间区域组成的系统,通过评估各个区域的火灾风险来确定整个建筑的火灾风险.该方法的优点是便于防火设计和管理人员确定重点防火区域,通过降低重点区域的火灾风险,来降低整个建筑的火灾风险.