石油液化气储配站火灾爆炸危险分析与事故后果评价

对石油液化气储配站火灾爆炸危险因素从危险物质、设计与施工、安全管理等方面进行分析,并进行了重大危险源辨识,对石油液化气泄漏引发蒸气云爆炸事故进行后果评价,并提出了相应的安全对策.     

四川省出川断面主要污染物通量及来源研究

以2001～2007年实测水文、水质数据为基础,计算了四川省主要出川断面高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)和氨氮(NH3-N)污染负荷通量;利用断面水质目标约束,通过污染负荷历时曲线,分析了区域水环境承载力;在基流分割的基础上,利用水文分割法,识别了区域污染物的主要来源,为从源头上开展三峡水库水环境保护提供数据支撑。分析结果表明,各出川断面干流主要污染物(CODMn、NH3-N)大致在可接受的范围内,2001年以来,出川断面CODMn通量呈降低的趋势,有效的减缓了输入三峡库区的污染物总量,氨氮通量整体稳定。嘉陵江、涪江、渠江流域污染物来源主要为非点源,应重点加强面源的污染防控;长江干流为点面源混合型,简单的削减点源已不能保证高功能水体要求,应加强点源和面源污染的综合防控。     

阿克苏地区春季土壤水分垂直向运动

土壤中毛管水是传递压力的,毛管水运动的方向,受土壤上层温度变化和土面蒸发制约,与土壤中汽态水的运动方向（由热至冷）一致。下午和晚上因地面辐射而冷却,闭塞空气收缩,潜水向上通过毛细管吸入闭塞空气中,潜水位下降;上午和白天因地面日晒,土温升高,闭塞空气膨胀,排出较粗毛管水,成为重力水而下渗,抬升潜水位。春天大风,土温升高,晚上使潜水位升高,白天土面蒸发加大,又使潜水位下降。用潜水蒸渗仪,可测到大风天改变土壤水分运行的方向。     

REAL-TIME SOIL WATER MONITORING FOR OPTIMUM WATER MANAGEMENT1

Abstract: Efficient water resource management is one of the most important policy issues facing agriculture in Hawaii in the years ahead. Soil water sensors, multisensor capacitance probes (MCP), have been successfully used for different water management projects. These MCPs monitor water content at multiple depths and at various locations in real-time. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of water content on field soil bulk density of Wahiawa silty clay tropical soil; measure field saturated hydraulic conductivity of this tropical soil: calibrate MCP system for this soil: and monitor and evaluate real-time soil water content variations under a tomato crop using the calibrated MCP system. Sensor calibration was conducted under laboratory conditions. Soil bulk density at different water contents and saturated hydraulic conductivity were measured on the field. Bulk density increased with increasing water content: there was a 30 percent bulk density increase as a result of 0.25 cm³ cm^-3 water content variation. Compared with the manufacturer's calibration, site specific laboratory calibration of MCP gave a more accurate determination of soil water. Field determined saturated hydraulic conductivity was higher than laboratory determined values reported in the literature for the same soil type. Real-time soil water content monitoring within the root zone showed substantial variations due to water input (irrigation and rainfall) and water output (evapotranspiration and deep percolations). However, water content variations were much further reduced in the soil layer below the root zone.     

职业安全卫生管理体系(OHSMS)第一讲 OHSMS的起源

职业安全卫生管理体系(简称OHSMS),是完善企业职业安全卫生管理,保证企业职业安全卫生绩效持续改进的科学管理模式。国家经贸委1999年10月发布了《职业安全卫生管理试行标准》后,如何实施和建立职业安全卫生管理体系受到社会和企业的普遍重视与关注。 本系列讲座主要论述：OHSMS的起源、发展与意义;OHSMS的基本概念与理论;OHSMS的基本内容、结构与要素;如何建立和实施OHSMS;如何通过OHSMS的评审和认证等。     

Effect of bulk density of coking coal on swelling pressure

Coking coals are the important raw materials for the iron and steel industries and play an important role on its sustainable development, especially on the stamp-charging coke making with the characteristics of increasing the bulk density. There is a significance on the reasonable usage of the coking coal resource with the reduced production cost, improved efficiency of the economy to develop the stamp-charging coke making technology. Important effects of the density of coking coal on the coking and caking properties were investigated. In the article, the maximum values of swelling pressure and variation of Laowan gas coal and Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, Longhu fat coal and Didao coking coal, which were mined at Shenyang and Qitaihe respectively, were investigated under different bulk densities during the coking. The results showed that when the values of density increased from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, for the Laowan gas coal, swelling pressure variation and even the maximum value changed slightly. The swelling pressure was 3.63 KPa when the density was improved to 1.05 ton/m³; for the Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, the values of swelling pressure changed significantly and the maximum values was 82.88 KPa with the density improved to 1.05 when the coal was heated to 600℃. The coke porosity, which was investigated by automatic microphotometer, decreased from 47.4% to 33.1% with the increasing of the density from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, and the decreased value was 14.3%. Meanwhile, the pore structures of four cokes were characterized by an optical microscope.     

Effect of bulk density of coking coal on swelling pressure

Coking coals are the important raw materials for the iron and steel industries and play an important role on its sustainable development, especially on the stamp-charging coke making with the characteristics of increasing the bulk density. There is a significance on the reasonable usage of the coking coal resource with the reduced production cost, improved efficiency of the economy to develop the stamp-charging coke making technology. Important effects of the density of coking coal on the coking and caking properties were investigated. In the article, the maximum values of swelling pressure and variation of Laowan gas coal and Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, Longhu fat coal and Didao coking coal, which were mined at Shenyang and Qitaihe respectively, were investigated under different bulk densities during the coking. The results showed that when the values of density increased from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, for the Laowan gas coal, swelling pressure variation and even the maximum value changed slightly. The swelling pressure was 3.63 KPa when the density was improved to 1.05 ton/m³; for the Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, the values of swelling pressure changed significantly and the maximum values was 82.88 KPa with the density improved to 1.05 when the coal was heated to 600°C. The coke porosity, which was investigated by automatic microphotometer, decreased from 47.4% to 33.1% with the increasing of the density from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, and the decreased value was 14.3%. Meanwhile, the pore structures of four cokes were characterized by an optical microscope.     

可燃气体空间置换限值研究

在全面解析三元组分图构成要素和含义的基础上,分析可燃物质设备投用和停用过程中惰化置换的机理和浓度限值。可燃气体空间置换限值包括设备投用惰化置换时氧气的最高容许浓度(ISOC)和设备停用惰化置换时可燃气体的最高容许浓度(OSFC),二者可由试验和公式计算2种方式获得。与目前惰化置换时通常参照的限制氧浓度(LOC)、燃烧下限(LFL)等参数相比,ISOC和OSFC值可以更准确地表征惰化置换时临界浓度的意义。通过对部分可燃物质的ISOC和OSFC试验值及计算值进行对比分析,证明以LOC为依据计算出的ISOC和OSFC值与试验值具有更高的符合性;指出目前国内惰化置换浓度控制值采用统一规定值这一方式的不足;证明合理利用LFL,LOCI,SOC,OSFC等参数开展可燃气体密闭空间置换限值研究的科学合理性。     

Social impact of the 2004 Manawatu floods and the 'hollowing out' of rural New Zealand

The Manawatu floods of 2004 have had significant, long-lasting social consequences. This paper draws on findings from a series of detailed surveys of 39 farm households directly affected by the floods and 17 individuals directly involved in managing the flood recovery programme. The nature of the impact on rural families highlights how the 'hollowing out' of rural New Zealand has changed the capacity of rural communities to respond to natural hazards and increased their sense of isolation. In addition, the floods exposed the vulnerability of rural communities. This is shown to have implications for policies designed to build resilience and improve responses to adverse events, including the need to support local, community initiatives on self-reliance and mutual support. Approaches to manage better long-term flood risks should be designed within a context of ongoing rural decline that has compromised the health of both individuals and communities.     

沙尘暴及在我国的防治

本文简要论述了我国沙尘暴的成因、影响我国的沙尘暴源区、传输路径、危害、预报与科研开展情况及防治对策等方面内容。