生态补偿的逻辑基础与法律价值目标研究

生态补偿是解决生态环境问题的1个具体制度,其本质上是对经济利益和生态资源的分配和调整.从现实和理论2个方面分析了生态补偿的逻辑基础,阐明分配正义和可持续发展是其法律价值目标,这种价值目标体现了人与自然以及人与人之间的1种新的主客体价值认识,并呈现出分配正义和可持续发展之间的递进关系.     

地下多层设置商场的可行性分析

本文针对地下多层商场火灾防治的难题,引出国家标准"地下三层不得设置商业"的规定,通过介绍国内外地下多层商场实例,提出了地下多层设置商业的改良措施,并以广州一家大型地下购物广场为工程实例,对该商场负三层进行了火灾危险性分析,验证了其防火分区划分及疏散通道设计,确定了人数换算系数,通过展现其消防安全优势,证明了地下多层设置...     

生命周期环境成本核算方法研究

生命周期环境成本以成本企业作为进行生态产品设计的重要手段,但生命周期环境成本至今没有国际标准方法。本文对环境成本的分类、研究主体和研究动因进行了分析。对两种不同类型的生命周期环境成本核算方法进行了比较,认为基于环境影响评价结果的生命周期环境成本核算方法在国内具有较好的应用前景。     

The business cycle and the incidence of workplace injuries: evidence from the U.S.A

Introduction

The current study explored the association between the business cycle and the incidence of workplace injuries to identify cyclically sensitive industries and the relative contribution of physical capital and labor utilization within industries.

Method

Bureau of Labor Statistics nonfatal injury rates from 1976 through 2007 were examined across five industry sectors with respect to several macroeconomic indicators. Within industries, injury associations with utilization of labor and physical capital over time were tested using time series regression methods.

Results

Pro-cyclical associations between business cycle indicators and injury incidence were observed in mining, construction, and manufacturing but not in agriculture or trade. Physical capital utilization was the highest potential contributor to injuries in mining while labor utilization was the highest potential contributor in construction. In manufacturing each effect had a similar association with injuries.

Conclusion

The incidence of workplace injury is associated with the business cycle. However, the degree of association and the mechanisms through with the business cycle affects the incidence of workplace injuries was not the same across industries.

Impact on Industry

The results suggest that firms in the construction, manufacturing, and mining industries should take additional precautionary safety measures during cyclical upturns. Potential differences among industries in the mechanisms through which the business cycle affects injury incidence suggest different protective strategies for those industries. For example, in construction, additional efforts might be undertaken to ensure workers are adequately trained and not excessively fatigued, while safety procedures continue to be followed even during boom times.     

The use of Ecological and Carbon Footprint Analysis in regional policy making: application and insights using the REAP model

This paper builds on and extends previous research to contribute to ongoing discussion on the use of resource and carbon accounting tools in regional policy making. The Northern Visions project has produced the first evidence-based footpath setting out the actions that need to be taken to achieve the step changes in the Ecological and Carbon Footprint of Northern Ireland. A range of policies and strategies were evaluated using the Resources and Energy Analysis Programme. The analysis provided the first regional evidence base that current sustainable development policy commitments would not lead to the necessary reductions in either the Ecological Footprint or carbon dioxide emissions. Building on previous applications of Ecological Footprint analysis in regional policy making, the research has demonstrated that there is a valuable role for Ecological and Carbon Footprint Analysis in policy appraisal. The use of Ecological and Carbon Footprint Analysis in regional policy making has been evaluated and recommendations made on ongoing methodological development. The authors hope that the research can provide insights for the ongoing use Ecological and Carbon Footprint Analysis in regional policy making and help set out the priorities for research to support this important policy area.     

人力资本对农户兼业行为及其离农决策的影响研究——基于家庭整体视角

农户兼业行为演化的实质是由家庭成员个体就业行为决策和家庭集体劳动分工决策共同决定的,而人力资本通过影响非农就业对农户兼业决策具有内生作用,但这种作用机制既包括农民个体层面,更涉及农户整体层面。基于家庭整体视角分析了农户人力资本的理论特性,提出了农户人力资本对家庭兼业行为及其离农决策存在双重影响效应的研究假设,在此基础上,运用长三角地区1036户农户调研数据进行了实证研究。结果表明,农户劳动成员平均人力资本数量水平提升和成员间人力资本结构差距缩小,对提升农户非农化兼业程度以及增强其主动离农意愿具有积极意义,其中农户人力资本结构效应对农户离农决策更为显著;进一步比较发现,教育和迁移人力资本对长三角兼业农户的非农化发展和离农意愿具有显著促进作用,而受不同因素影响,健康和以非农工龄为衡量的技能人力资本的作用效应总体却并不明显。文章认为,要把促进兼业农户人力资本发展作为推动其非农兼业升级与离农决策的立足之本,在当前农地征用补偿政策思路上,要从单纯重视对失地农户短期"经济补偿",向扶持家庭成员人力资本投资以增强其长期非农就业发展之"能力补偿"转变,进而构筑可持续生计保障。     

葫芦岛地区汞在土壤-植物-昆虫系统中的生物地球化学迁移

通过研究葫芦岛地区土壤、植物及不同食性昆虫的汞含量,探讨了汞的生物地球化学迁移．结果表明,汞污染使植物汞含量增加,生物吸收程度大大提高．植物及昆虫灰分基汞含量均高于汞在地壳的克拉克值．不同食性昆虫灰分基汞含量存在显著性差异,表现出肉食性〉杂食性〉植食性的规律．汞能够沿着食物链由植食性昆虫向肉食性昆虫进行传递,土壤-植物、植物-植食性昆虫、植食性昆虫．肉食性昆虫系统中,汞的富集倍数分别为（1-n）×10^-1、（1-n）×10、（1-n）的水平,土壤汞污染可以通过食物链传递造成昆虫体内汞的富集．     

电子废物回收处理项目的BOT建设方式初探

在综合概述目前我国电子废物环境管理困境及其障碍性因素的基础上,提出了按BOT（建设-运营-转让）建设方式规划电子废物回收处理项目的建议,简述了BOT目方式的基本特征和项目实施过程中值得商榷的几个问题。     

安全信息学课程内容体系研究*

为完善安全信息学课程内容体系,推动安全信息人才培养和安全信息学学科发展,通过分析安全信息学课程内涵、目标、地位及性质,归纳论证安全信息学课程内容体系建立依据（包括建立视角和指导思想）,提出安全信息学课程内容体系。结果表明:安全信息学课程内容体系建设应立足学科高度,基于大安全和安全管理视角,遵循“课程上游内容（基础安全信息学）→课程中游内容（服务安全管理的安全信息学）→课程下游内容（应用安全信息学）”这一逻辑主线。研究结果可为安全信息学课程教学内容设置提供参考和支撑,有助于推动安全信息学课程设置推广与安全信息人才培养。     

大型商圈安全评价体系及案例研究*

为整体评价大型商圈的安全性,结合公共安全科技三角形理论,从突发事件的危险性、承灾载体的脆弱性、应急能力3方面构建大型商圈安全评价指标体系,通过网络分析法和模糊综合评价法确定指标间权重系数,对大型商圈进行安全风险评价。结果表明:体系全面考虑了大型商圈安全风险影响因素及其内在关系,可为大型商圈安全评价体系构建和定量评估提供参考。