Regional reference sites: a method for assessing stream potentials

Field assessments of impacted streams require a control or at least an unbiased estimate of attainable conditions. Control sites, such as upstream/downstream or wilderness sites, have proven inadequate for assessing attainable ecological conditions where the control streams differ naturally from the impacted streams to a considerable degree or where different disturbances exist than those being studied. Relatively undisturbed reference sites with watersheds in areas having the same land-surface form, soil, potential natural vegetation, and land use as are predominant in large, relatively homogeneous regions are suggested as alternative control sites. These areas are considered typical of the region and therefore the sites also are considered typical of the region because their watersheds exhibit all the terrestrial variables that make that region a region. The logical basis for developing regional reference sites lies in the ability to group watersheds and common stream types into regions by integrating available maps of terrestrial variables that influence streams. Relatively undisturbed reference sites can be selected from typical areas of the regions and from transition zones where one or two of the terrestrial variables are not the predominant one(s) of the region. These reference sites are useful for estimating attainable conditions, for evaluating temporal and spatial changes in ecological integrity, for classifying attainable uses of streams, and for setting biological and environmental criteria.     

Ambient air quality standards in China

China recently announced ambient air quality standards. This article describes the standards and compares them with standards that exist in the Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, and the United States. An unusual feature of the Chinese standards is the establishment of different classes of standards, applicable in different types of areas. The present status of air pollution in several Chinese cities is examined. Data on the levels of suspended particulates, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide in several Chinese cities are presented. Some of the difficulties involved in implementing the new standards are discussed.Work undertaken while at the Environment and Policy Institute, East-West Center, and School of Public Health, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.     

工业废水达标排放管理模式探讨

本文阐述了工业废水达标排放的重要意义,分析了工业废水达标排放的可能性,并提出改革污水处理运作模式的几点建议,对实现“一控双达标”月标具有一定的指导意义。     

中国环境保护标准发展方向探讨研究

社会发展新形势要求加快环境管理战略转型。基于环保标准是环境管理的基础,为推进建立完善的环保科技标准体系,从分析环境保护标准的作用入手,分析了环保标准工作存在的问题,并探讨了其5大发展方向:一是提升标准的质量;二是加强流域、区域等地方级标准的制定;三是完善体系,形成解决重点环境问题的标准簇;四是实施标准制修订、落实、评估等全过程工作模式;五是加强环保标准的基础性研究。     

黑龙江省重要水功能区水质现状评价与达标分析研究

及时掌握水功能区水质现状与达标状况,对加强水功能区监督管理和水环境保护具有重要作用,为水功能区保护与管理提供建议,从而保障水资源的可持续利用。该文根据2011年黑龙江省重要江河湖泊水功能区监测资料,对黑龙江省重要水功能区水质现状及达标率进行分析评价,结果表明,黑龙江省重要水功能区的个数达标率为29.0%,长度达标率为19.6%,评价结果与实际情况基本相符,同时阐述了水功能区达标率低,监测能力水平不高等问题。最后给出解决措施是:城市污水处理及中水回用工程,水体综合治理和生态修复措施,加强水质监测现代化建设,提升监测能力等具体措施。     

对低影响开发中雨水调蓄设施的分析和思考研究

随着海绵城市规划建设的陆续开展,低影响开发(LID)的理念也深入人心并得到广泛应用,国内各地均结合自身实际情况提出了年径流总量控制率的目标.事实上,各地在实践中也都逐渐总结出,将年径流总量控制率的目标转化为控制的雨量更容易落地实施,而实现目标的其中一个关键抓手就是雨水调蓄设施.通过对调蓄设施的类型、用途及标准等内容的分析和思考,提出规划建设中应当注意的问题和建议,为海绵城市建设提供一些参考,促进调蓄设施更好的发挥作用.     

对国家污染物排放（控制）标准体系的探讨

在介绍中国环境保护标准体系发展概况的基础上,对国家污染物排放（控制）标准的体系结构、内容设置进行了研究,探讨了新时期国家污染物排放（控制）标准的发展趋势,结合实例分析了水污染物特别排放限值、有毒污染物的监控等在新颁布的排放（控制）标准中的适用要求。     

我国废钢铁市场的发展前景及废钢电子交易推荐标准

随着我国钢铁工业高速发展和国家对节能减排的高度重视,废钢铁资源的应用倍受业内关注。对我国废钢供需市场的规模、现状及发展前景进行分析和预测,并对我国废钢电子交易推荐标准进行详细介绍,指出作为大宗商品交易发展方向的电子交易模式,是我国废钢贸易的发展趋势,有利于废钢市场有序健康发展。     

电子废物回收处理项目的BOT建设方式初探

在综合概述目前我国电子废物环境管理困境及其障碍性因素的基础上,提出了按BOT（建设-运营-转让）建设方式规划电子废物回收处理项目的建议,简述了BOT目方式的基本特征和项目实施过程中值得商榷的几个问题。     

地下多层设置商场的可行性分析

本文针对地下多层商场火灾防治的难题,引出国家标准"地下三层不得设置商业"的规定,通过介绍国内外地下多层商场实例,提出了地下多层设置商业的改良措施,并以广州一家大型地下购物广场为工程实例,对该商场负三层进行了火灾危险性分析,验证了其防火分区划分及疏散通道设计,确定了人数换算系数,通过展现其消防安全优势,证明了地下多层设置...