生物强化膜生物反应器(MBR)处理邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)效果及微生物群落结构分析

为强化邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)降解,将从活性污泥中分离的高效DEP降解菌Arthrobacter sp.LMS13运用到MBR反应器,考察强化系统对DEP去除效果,并通过实时荧光定量(q-PCR)和Illumina Mi Seq技术分别对系统运行期间邻苯二甲酸双加氧酶降解基因(phtA)数量以及微生物群落结构特征进行了分析.结果表明,强化系统能加快反应器启动,对进水浓度为800 mg·L-1的DEP,强化系统和未经强化系统在运行后期(61 d)对DEP平均去除率分别为81%和19%.q-PCR结果显示,在驯化阶段,phtA基因拷贝数上升,但当DEP浓度大于400 mg·L-1时,phtA基因数量下降;phtA基因拷贝数与DEP降解率呈正相关.Mi Seq测序结果进一步表明,高浓度DEP导致系统中群落多样性指数下降,但对强化系统多样性影响相对较小.反应器运行过程中,原活性污泥中占有较高比例的拟杆菌门(Bateroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)丰度降低,ε-变形纲(ε-Proteobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)在反应系统中逐渐被淘汰,而β-变形纲(β-Proteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)成为系统中的优势菌门,其中红环菌属(Rhodocyclus)、博得氏杆菌属(Bordetella)、节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)为优势菌属,在DEP降解系统中起着主要作用,是保证DEP生物处理效果和维持反应器稳定运行的重要菌属.     

固定膜-活性污泥系统细菌多样性及脱氮关键菌研究

固定膜-活性污泥系统具有高效的脱氮效果,是传统活性污泥法升级改造的优选技术之一。对采用该工艺的上海某污水厂进行近2年监测,分析了该系统悬浮相和附着相的细菌多样性及脱氮关键菌,结果表明:1)悬浮相中细菌多样性及均匀度均优于附着相,两相生长的优势细菌有明显差别;2)NOB菌属的Nitrospira菌为整个系统的脱氮关键菌,且主要集中于附着相上;3)4号曝气池中Nitrospira细菌数量明显高于2号池,尤其在低温条件下,表明4号池附着相是脱氮反应的主要发生场所,且能够耐受冬季低温的不利影响。综上,论文从不同相态下功能微生物的角度阐明了其脱氮原理。     

山西省河流湿地植被的维管束植物区系研究

在野外记名样方调查法和标本鉴定基础上,对山西省河流湿地植被的维管束植物区系组成和地理成分进行了统计分析.结果表明:山西省河流湿地植被有维管束植物449种,隶属于209属、65科.草本植物在温地植被的植物组成中占绝对优势,共计415种,占总种数的92.43％.从属、种区系成分来看,温带分布类型和以温带分布为主的属、种分别为107属和216种,占总属数的51.19％和总种数的48.11％,这充分体现了山西省河流湿地植物区系的温带性质.     

木糖氧化无色杆菌及混合菌群对多环芳烃的降解特性

采用木糖氧化无色杆菌及混合菌降解水中多环芳烃。考察了木糖氧化无色杆菌的降解广谱性及其对多环芳烃混合底物的降解,特别考察了混合菌对具有弱致癌性的■(Chrysene)的降解特性。结果表明,木糖氧化无色杆菌具有较宽的降解谱,对多环芳烃混合底物具有良好降解特性。当蒽、菲、芘和■4种PAHs共存时,木糖氧化无色杆菌对蒽、菲、芘和■的降解效率分别达83%、66%、85%和80%。与单一木糖氧化无色杆菌相比,混合菌对的降解效率较高。尖镰孢菌与木糖氧化无色杆菌、茄镰孢菌与木糖氧化无色杆菌和3株菌同时共存时,■的降解效率分别达87%、88%和86%。     

PCR-DGGE研究亚硝化-电化学生物反硝化全自养脱氮工艺细菌多样性

采用分子生物学手段PCR-DGGE技术对亚硝化-电化学生物反硝化全自养脱氮工艺细菌的多样性进行了研究。结果表明,亚硝化段内主要的细菌种群为相似于Nitrosomonas sp.(AJ224410)和Nitrosomonas sp.NM41(AF272421)的种群,相似性分别为97%和94%;电化学生物反硝化段细菌类群主要有β-proteobacteria类群、γ-proteobacteria类群和Chlo-roflexi类群。填料上生物膜细菌种群较底部泥水混合物丰富,两者细菌种群相似性为75%;底部泥水混合物样中存在与厌氧氨氧化菌Brocadia anammoxidans(AF375994)相似性为93%的菌种,而填料上生物膜中存在与Thioalkalivibrio sp.K90mix(EU709865)和Thiobacillus thioparus(AJ243144)相似性分别为94%、97%的菌种,其中Thiobacillus thioparus(AJ243144)是典型的硫自养反硝化菌,表明填料上生物膜中有大量的硫自养反硝化菌。     

Bacterial community analysis of Tatsoi cultivated by hydroponics

Tatsoi (Brassica narinosa) is a popular Asian salad green that is mostly consumed as a source of fresh produce. The purpose of this study was to assess the microbial diversity of Tatsoi cultivated in a hydroponic system and of its ecosystem. Tatsoi leaves, nutrient solution, and perlite/earth samples from a trickle feed system (TFS) and an ebb-and-flow system (EFS) were collected and their microbial communities were analyzed by pyrosequencing analysis. The results showed that most bacteria in the leaves from the TFS contained genus Sporosarcina (99.6%), while Rhizobium (60.4%) was dominant in the leaves from the EFS. Genus Paucibacter (18.21%) and Pelomonas (12.37%) were the most abundant microbiota in the nutrient solution samples of the TFS. In the EFS, the nutrient solution samples contained mostly genus Rhodococcus and Acinetobacter. Potential microbial transfer between the leaves and the ecosystem was observed in the EFS, while samples in the TFS were found to share only one species between the leaves, nutrient solution, and earth. Together, these results show that the bacterial populations in Tatsoi and in its ecosystem are highly diverse based on the cultivation system.     

Modification on the conventional procedure to measure AOC in drinking water

Additional phosphorus will be introduced to water sample if the conventional procedure is used to measure assimilable organic carbon(AOC) in drinking water. It has been shown that there are the cases that phosphorus is the limiting nutrient for microbial growth in drinking water. The measured value of AOC would not be able to indicate appropriately the regrowth potential of bacteria in this case. The conventional procedure used to measure AOC was modified to avoid the introduction of additional phosphorus to water sample in this study. It was shown that it was feasible to measure AOC in water using the modified procedure. Furthermore, the measured value of AOC determined by the modified procedure could indicate appropriately the regrowth potential of bacteria in drinking water despite either organics or phosphorus was the limiting nutrient for bacterial regrowth.     

Optimising herbicide dose: a straightforward approach to reduce the risk of side effects of herbicides

Public concern of possible effects of pesticides on human health and the environment has lead to an increased pressure on farmers to optimise their use of pesticides. Reducing pesticide doses below the recommended doses whenever possible is a straightforward approach to reduce the risk of adverse side effects. To adopt this approach decision-making has to be improved. The parameters to consider optimising herbicide doses are: weed flora and growth stage, crop competitiveness, climatic conditions, application technique, formulation/adjuvant and combination with other pesticides. In Denmark this information is provided to farmers through the decision support system ‹Plant Protection Online’. Based on input on weed species and densities, climatic conditions, soil type, crop cultivar and expected yield ‹Plant Protection Online’ will provide farmers with optimum herbicide solution usually with doses lower than standard recommended doses.