祁连山七一冰川及融水中细菌多样性的研究

通过荧光显微镜测定细菌密度,利用分离培养和16S rDNA序列分析细菌种类多样性,对祁连山七一冰川雪及融水中的细菌数量和多样性进行了研究.结果表明,七一冰川雪及融水中微生物总数为103~105cells.mL-1,可培养细菌数为0~600cfu.mL-1.恢复出的22株不同种类的细菌隶属于Bacteroidetes、Actinobacteria、Firmicutes和a,β,γ-Proteobacteria共6个类群,其中Bacteroidetes占总类群的80%,为优势类群;Pedobacter和Pseudomonas属为优势菌,占可培养细菌数量的90%.与青藏高原、南北极冰雪中微生物的比较分析发现Pantoea、Providencia、Terrabacter及Aerococcus这4个属和Oxalobacteraceae细菌是七一冰川的地方种类,在其它低温环境中未被发现.     

河北近岸海域浮游细菌与病毒的关系

运用荧光显微技术,从2006年7月~2007年10月,分季度采样,对河北北戴河和天津沿岸海域的浮游细菌和病毒进行了调查。结果表明,浮游细菌和病毒具有明显的时空分布特点,细菌丰度超过106/mL,病毒丰度超过107/mL。病毒总数与细菌总数之比VBR为1.75~26.51,平均为6.22。运用超离心和电子显微镜对2007年春季样品进行检测,发现被病毒感染的细菌总频度为3%~5%,引起的细菌死亡率为28%~55%,平均为41.5%。揭示浮游病毒感染是浮游细菌死亡的重要原因,同时病毒在海洋系统物质循环和能量流动中扮演重要角色。     

Spatial and seasonal variations in bacterial communities of the Yellow Sea by T-RFLP analysis

Four typical coastal sites (rocky shore, sandy shore, mud flat shore, and artificial harbor) at the Yellow Sea were chosen to investigate the spatial and seasonal variations in bacterial communities. This was accomplished by using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of PCR amplified 16S rDNA fragments. Two kinds of tetrameric restriction enzymes, HhaI and MspI, were used in the experiment to depict the bacterial community diversity in different marine environments. It was found that the community compositions digested by the two enzymes separately were different. However, the results of bacterial community diversity derived from them were similar. The MDA analysis results of T-RFLP profiles coming from HhaI and MspI both exhibited a significant seasonal community shift for bacteria and a relatively low spatial variation among the four locations. With HhaI as the sample, the pair wise T-tests also revealed that variations were minor between each pair of marine environments, with R ranging from 0.198 to 0.349. However, the bacterial community structure in the mud flat site depicted a larger difference than each of the other three sites (R ranging from 0.282 to 0.349).     

复合菌系BYND-8的种群组成及其对沼气产量的影响

为了明确1组在中温下(30℃)高效分解木质纤维素的复合菌系的菌群组成.研究复合菌系预处理秸秆对沼气发酵的影响,利用平板分离法和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)法研究了中温木质纤维素降解复合菌系BYND-8的菌种组成多样性,通过添加该复合系菌液到以牛粪为原料的沼气发酵体系,研究了添加秸秆降解液对沼气产量的影响.利用平板法分离...     

调蓄水库细菌群落季节变化特征与影响因素

为探究调蓄水库水体细菌群落的季节变化特征与影响因素.以引黄济青工程的唯一调蓄水库——青岛棘洪滩水库为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术,结合水质分析指标,探究细菌群落结构以及与环境因子的关系.结果表明,细菌群落多样性和丰富度夏季最高,冬季最低,进水口高于出水口.细菌群落结构组成春季与冬季相似,夏季与秋季相似.Actinobacteriota(6.63%～57.38%)、 Proteobacteria(11.32%～48.60%)、 Bacteroidota(5.05%～25.74%)和Cyanobacteria(0.65%～24.74%)为优势菌门,Chloroflexi、 Dependentiae、 Fusobacteriota和Margulisbacteria相对丰度秋季最高,冬季最低;Patescibacteria和Myxococcota相对丰度夏季最高,冬季最低;Acidobacteria相对丰度春季最高,冬季最低;hgcI＿clade(3.72%～34.66%)、CL500＿29＿marine＿group(0.31%～20.13%)和Limnohabitans(0.16%～10.3...     

养殖废水处理系统中微生物菌群结构及动态变化

采用高通量测序技术对养猪场废水处理系统的细菌群落组成进行分析,同时对细菌群落、污水水质和抗生素含量相关性进行分析.研究结果表明,污水各处理单元中的菌群结构存在显著差异,且细菌菌群结构随处理进程逐步改变,其中集污池与厌氧反应器的细菌菌群优势门类为Firmicutes、Bacteroidetes和Proteobacteria,曝气池的细菌菌群优势门类变为Firmicutes、Verrucomicrobia、Bacteroidetes、Proteobacteria和Candidatus Saccharibacteria,氧化塘的细菌菌群优势门类为Firmicutes、Proteobacteria、Chloroflexi、Euryarchaeota和Bacteroidetes.相关性分析结果表明,污水中的细菌群落与水质环境因子之间存在显著相关（P<0.05）.其中,种属Acinetobacter、Bacteroides、Prevotella、Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis与COD、TN、NH₄⁺-N呈显著正相关,Clostridium sensu strict、Methanothrix与TN、NH₄⁺-N呈显著负相关,Petrimonas、Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis、Clostridium XlVa、Tissierella与磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、强力霉素、土霉素呈极显著正相关,Acinetobacter、Bacteroides、Prevotella与恩诺沙星、四环素呈显著正相关,Prevotella、Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis与环丙沙星呈显著正相关,Clostridium sensu stricto、Petrimonas与氧氟沙星呈显著正相关.     

Performance and microbial community analysis of an algal-activated sludge symbiotic system: Effect of activated sludge concentration

It was focused on the effect of different sludge concentrations on the performances of an algal-activated sludge symbiotic system in terms of wastewater treatment, algal-activated sludge characteristics and community structure. The results showed that the highest nutrient removal efficiencies were obtained in the reactor R~2 with soluble chemical oxygen demand(sC OD), ammonia nitrogen(NH_4~+-N) and phosphate(PO_4~(3-)-P) removal efficiencies of(90.6 ± 2.3)%,(97.69 ± 2.6)% and(83.81 ± 2.3)%, respectively. Further investigation exhibited that sludge concentration has a great effect on the dissolved oxygen(DO) concentration, the pH, the growth of algae and the extracellular polymeric substance(EPS) production, which resulted in influencing the settleability and the performance of symbiotic system. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) analysis demonstrated that the sludge concentration had a selective power for particular members of algae. Meantime, the stimulated algal population would selectively excite the members of bacteria benefited for the formation of algal-bacterial consortia.The variation of microbial compositions, which was influenced by the different sludge concentrations, might be ultimately responsible for the different treatment performances.     

不同外电压下自养型生物阴极还原硫酸盐的性能及生物膜群落响应

微生物电解系统(microbial electrolysis system,MES)生物阴极还原去除环境污染物的过程中,外加电压的大小可显著影响其性能,阴极生物膜作为去除污染物的关键因子,其对外电压改变的响应尚属未知.本研究构建了双室MES,比较外电压为0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7和0.8 V情形下自养型生物阴极的硫酸盐还原特性及生物膜胞外聚合物和群落结构特征.结果表明,MES的输出电流、周期电荷量、COD去除量与外加电压(0.4~0.8 V)呈正相关关系;外加电压为0.4~0.8 V时,硫酸盐还原量随着电压的升高先升高后降低,在0.7 V时获得最大硫酸盐还原速率[78.9 g·(m3·d)-1]和最高S2-出水浓度(31.9 mg·L~(-1)±2.2 mg·L~(-1));MES的电子回收率最高值为41.8%,推测产氢可能是电子损失的一个途径.阴极生物膜的聚多糖和蛋白量随外电压的升高而增加,0.8 V电压下的生物量比0.4 V提高了70%.阴极生物膜群落结构分析发现,Proteobacteria在门水平分布中占主导,Desulfovibrio在属水平分布中占主导,Desulfovibrio的相对丰度并未随着外加电压的升高发生明显的波动,表明Desulfovibrio在利用阴极呼吸代谢方面具有独特的优势.种水平分析发现,Desulfovibrio magneticus RS-1和s_unclassified_g_Desulfovibrio随着外电压的改变呈现相反的变化趋势.     

汤旺河国家公园不同演替阶段森林土壤细菌多样性变化规律

为了解红松湿生演替系列过程中土壤生境及土壤细菌多样性的变化规律,以小兴安岭汤旺河国家公园的白桦次生林、人工针阔混交林和原始云冷杉红松林为研究对象,分别代表湿生演替系列的演替先锋群落、演替中期群落和演替顶级群落,采用高通量测序的方法分析森林土壤细菌的多样性变化规律.结果表明:汤旺河国家公园从先锋演替到顶级演替阶段,森林土壤中w（OC）、w（TN）、w（AN）、w（AP）和w（AK）升高,而pH降低.此次分析土壤细菌包括16门27纲52目60科75属,其中Acidobacteria、Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria、Bacteroidetes为共有的优势菌门（相对丰度>1%）.演替先锋阶段（白桦次生林）Proteobacteria相对丰度最高,然而演替后期（云冷杉红松林）Acidobacteria相对丰度最高.通过冗余分析和相关性分析发现,不同演替阶段的森林土壤细菌多样性与土壤中w（OC）呈显著负相关,与土壤中w（TK）呈显著负相关,与土壤中w（AK）呈极显著负相关.研究显示,土壤细菌群落结构和多样性在不同湿生演替阶段有明显差异,主要可能受到土壤中w（OC）、w（TK）和w（AK）的影响.      

山西省河流湿地植被的维管束植物区系研究

在野外记名样方调查法和标本鉴定基础上,对山西省河流湿地植被的维管束植物区系组成和地理成分进行了统计分析.结果表明:山西省河流湿地植被有维管束植物449种,隶属于209属、65科.草本植物在温地植被的植物组成中占绝对优势,共计415种,占总种数的92.43％.从属、种区系成分来看,温带分布类型和以温带分布为主的属、种分别为107属和216种,占总属数的51.19％和总种数的48.11％,这充分体现了山西省河流湿地植物区系的温带性质.