环境因素对聚乙烯醇降解菌系降解效果的影响研究

针对在前期研究中已筛选到的一种聚乙烯醇(PVA)降解混合菌系,考察了种龄、菌悬液接种量、培养基装液量、培养温度、初始pH、渗透压及光照等外部环境因素对其PVA降解能力的影响.结果表明,种龄对混合菌系降解PVA的能力影响较小,实际运用中保持种龄为24～48 h较佳;菌悬液接种量过多时,会影响其正常生长,最佳的接种量为4～...     

爆炸物污染土壤中DNT的生物降解基础研究

2,4-和2,6-DNT是爆炸物污染土壤生物修复的主要目标。文章以该技术的基础研究为背景,对DNT降解菌及其降解性能,生物反应器的研究开发与处理效果、DNT生物降解途径以及降解菌的基因分析与基因工程改良等诸方面,进行了综述。提出了将DNT降解菌与原位土壤生物修复技术以及反硝化脱氮技术有机结合,研究开发适合爆炸物污染土壤生物修复的工程化的工艺系统的建议。     

特殊菌种处理垃圾渗滤液的小试试验研究

城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液是一种成分复杂的高浓度有机废水,处理难度很大。对投加特殊菌种处理垃圾渗滤液进行了试验研究,提出了相关的运行参数,并与普通活性污泥法进行了比较。发现特殊菌种的投加大大提高了垃圾渗滤液中污染物的去除效果。     

耐镉菌种的筛选培养及其对镉的吸附研究

通过实验从镉污染土壤中初筛得到了5株细菌和2株酵母菌,分别对这7株菌进行了耐镉性研究,通过对其生物量的比较,得到了2株（TLB-1和TLB-2）耐镉性较强的细菌。TLB-1和TLB-2在最佳条件下培养后,考察了TLB-1和TLB-2菌在不同吸附时间、pH值、Cd2＋浓度和温度等条件下的吸附效果。实验结果表明,这2株细菌都能在有Cd2＋的情况下存活,并且对Cd2＋具有良好的吸附效果,其吸附率可分别达到79.85%和89.04%。     

Improvement of the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) analytical method for reclaimed water

Microbial growth is an issue of concern that may cause hygienic and aesthetic problems during the transportation and usage of reclaimed water. Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) is an important parameter which determines the heterotrophic bacterial growth potential of water. Pseudomonas fluorescens P17 and Spirillum sp. NOX are widely used to measure AOC in drinking water. The AOC values of various reclaimed water samples determined by P17 and NOX were compared with those determined by the new strains isolated from reclaimed water in this study. It showed that the conventional test strains were not suitable for AOC measurement of reclaimed water in certain cases. In addition to P17 and NOX, Stenotrophomonas sp. ZJ2, Pseudomonas saponiphila G3 and Enterobacter sp. G6, were selected as test strains for AOC measurement of reclaimed water. Key aspects of the bioassay including inoculum cell density, incubation temperature, incubation time and the pH of samples were evaluated for the newly selected test strains. Higher inoculum density (10⁴ CFU·mL^-1) and higher incubation temperature (25°C) could reduce the time required for the tests. The AOC results of various collected samples showed the advantages of the method proposed based on those five strains in evaluating the biologic stability of reclaimed water.     

Strengthening effects of ammonia nitrogen on the harmless biological treatment of oily sludge

To improve the efficiency of oil degradation and strengthen the harmless treatment of oily sludge, three dominant strains identified as Chryseomicrobium sp. YL2, Gordonia sp. YL3 and Acinetobacter sp. YL5 were isolated from soil near a refinery, and the effects on the bioremediation of the oily sludge from the refinery were investigated. The results showed that the efficiency of oil degradation increased by 31.5% compared with the control when the dominant strains were added to the treatment of oily sludge. Furthermore, the dominant strains could use oil as a carbon source for heterotrophic nitrification–aerobic denitrification. The addition of ammonia nitrogen resulted in a large number of remaining microbes and heightened dehydrogenase activity in the oily sludge, further accelerating oil degradation, mainly for C₁₁ to C₂₅ saturated hydrocarbons, and the oil degradation efficiency increased by 40.8%. After 120 days of bioremediation, the biotoxicity of oily sludge, which was expressed by the equivalent phenol concentration, decreased by 40.0% compared with that of the control, indicating that the addition of ammonia nitrogen enhanced the biodegradation of oil. This method can be used to strengthen the harmless treatment of oily sludge in practical engineering applications.     

含氟有机化合物优势降解菌的筛选

从受含氟有机物长期污染的污泥中驯化筛选得到7株优势降解菌,可利用氟代有机化合物为唯一碳源生长。取其中2株菌进行生物忍耐力及生物降解实验,结果表明:菌株对含氟有机物有较强的忍受能力,在浓度高达1000mg/L的条件下仍能生长;生物降解实验中全氟辛酸可被筛选菌脱氟降解。     

两相厌氧流化床中优势菌种降解硝基苯废水的特性

构建了从强化传质与优势菌相结合的两相厌氧流化床生物降解体系,考察了水力停留时间(HRT)与上流速度2种水力特征以及共基质、pH、进水浓度等主要过程因素对优势菌种降解硝基苯的影响.结果显示,反应器在HRT为36h、上流速度为4 m/h时获得较好的处理效果;菌种需要pH 7.5的条件下以葡萄糖为共基质降解硝基苯,且两者的最佳质量比约为6;当进水硝基苯浓度为50～345 mg/L时,对硝基苯平均降解率和降解速率分别达到91.1%和120.9 mg/(L·d),且可耐受2.5倍以内的浓度负荷冲击.由此表明良好的反应器水力条件及优势菌种的结合可使高毒性的硝基苯在厌氧条件下有效地降解.     

混合菌对原油的降解及其降解性能的研究

从污染土壤中分离筛选到四株石油组分降解菌被用于组建降解原油的混合菌体系.石油组分降解菌包括:烷烃降解菌洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia cepacia)GS3C、菲降解菌鞘氨醇单胞菌(Sphingomonas sp.)GY2B、芘降解菌GP3(假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)GP3A和伯克菌科的菌株(Pandoraea pnomenusa)GP3B).气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)用于对原油降解性能的测定,并对原油组分的降解情况进行详细分析.通过对不同菌株的混合培养比较,得到降解原油的最佳组合G8(GS3C+GY2B+GP3B),培养5d后使初始原油浓度为2000mg·mL-1的总去除率达到69.20%,并且对烷烃类和芳烃类化合物都表现出较强的降解能力.混合菌G8对原油的总去除率比单菌提高了近30%,其最适生长条件为:温度为30℃,初始pH值为7,接种量为4%.     

与黄孢原毛平革菌协同降解稻草的混合菌筛选

在纤维素筛选培养基中加入黄孢原毛平革菌稻草固态发酵的浸提液,用这种培养基从自然环境中筛选出与黄孢原毛平革菌相容的菌株,在PDA和MEA平板上进行相容性测试,选择出生长稳定,可以与黄孢原毛平革菌较好共存的6株真菌.考察了6株真菌分别与黄孢原毛平革菌混合培养降解稻草时的酶活和对木质纤维素类组分的降解,筛选出3组更优的组合,其混合培养时,对于纤维素酶能产生较好的协同效果,纤维素降解效果较好.对于木质素降解效率的显著提高,可能是由于发酵体系内的胞外酶和一些活性因子的作用.