高能等离子体分解CO_2气体研究

为治理温室气体ＣＯ_２，本工作在低温常压条件下，利用超高压脉冲电晕放电产生的高能量（２０～５０ｅＶ）非平衡等离子体作用于ＣＯ_２气体分子，使ＣＯ_２分子化学结合键断裂，在定向化学反应作用下，将ＣＯ_２气体分解成单原子气体分子Ｏ_２和单质固体微粒Ｃ。ＣＯ_２分解率在９０％以上。     

天然水体环境温度对生物修复工艺除NH+4-N效果影响分析

采用弹性填料微孔曝气生物修复方法净化受污染的某饮用水源，探讨了天然水体环境温度变化对生物除NH4^ -N作用效果的影响。结果表明，水体环境温度对生物修复工艺除NH4^ －N作用影响很大，水温越高，生物修复工艺除NH4^ -N效果越好，在较低的水体环境温度下，水温变化对生物修复工艺除NH4^ －N作用效果影响最大；在日常水体环境温度下，水温变化对生物修复工艺除NH4^ -N作用效果影响最小；在水体环境温度较高条件下，水温变化对生物修复工艺除NH4^ －N作用效果影响较小。     

上流式厌氧污泥床处理低温低浓度废水存在的问题与对策

通过对上流式厌氧污泥床应用技术的研究，分析了上流式厌氧污泥床技术处理废水所存在的局限性。并就上流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)应用于我国低温低浓度污水处理中可能出现的问题，从UASB反应器的启动、水力停留时间和上流速度之间的平衡关系、厌氧氨氧化生物代谢新途径的促进以及工艺的改进等方面提出对策措施。     

常温铁氧体法处理电解锌厂废水试验研究

用常温铁氧体法对山西某电解锌厂废水进行了处理。经试验研究确定了处理该废水的工艺条件:Fe2+/M2+10,添加剂用量1.4g/L,M3+/M2+1.6,Zn2+/Cu2+33.3(废水初始Zn2+/Cu2+),所得磁性产物的饱和磁化率为45.9emu/g,回收率为85.0%。试验中还发现,金属离子的半径对铁氧体的生成有一定的影响。     

烧结升温方式及气氛对水洗焚烧飞灰晶体演变的影响

为使水洗焚烧飞灰的稳定化处理进一步优化，探讨了热处理的加热过程、气氛条件等对水洗焚烧飞灰晶体成分演变的影响.同时也探讨了3种飞灰：锅炉飞灰（RFA）、CaO/Ca（OH）₂和NaHCO₃分别作为中和剂得到的两种飞灰（CaFA和NaFA）水洗后（RFA-II#、CaFA-II#和NaFA-II#）进行热处理比较.结果发现700℃是个转折点，从这个温度点开始3种水洗飞灰中的晶体成分发生明显变化；原位连续加热模式更容易形成固体溶液因而更适合重金属的稳定；NaFA-II#较之CaFA-II#更易于稳定重金属成分.Factsage的模拟结果与XRD结果一致，而且发现飞灰中氯化物在加热过程中首先释放的是HCl.     

生物质分类表征温度对蔬菜废物好氧降解过程的影响

通过对不同温度下蔬菜废物的好氧降解试验,研究了温度对蔬菜废物好氧降解过程的影响.结果表明,温度对易降解蔬菜废物的降解有促进作用,50℃时叶菜皮第14 d有机物降解率高达60.2%,比其在37℃时第18 d降解率高9.9%;糖类降解率差异是其差距的主要来源,这主要是由于高温刺激了降解过程细菌的增殖.对于难降解蔬菜废物茭白壳,37℃时第18 d降解率为46.1%,比其在50℃时降解至第14 d时高9%;纤维素降解率差异是其差距的主要来源,这主要是因为中温有利于嗜温放线菌数量的增加.研究结果揭示了根据蔬菜废物生物质组成特征控制堆肥化过程温度,有利于改善蔬菜废物好氧降解程度.     

不同挥发分煤尘层最低着火温度变化规律研究

针对煤化工等行业的沉积煤尘热自燃问题,运用煤尘层最低着火温度测试系统,研究了不同挥发分煤尘层的着火状态、不同挥发分及不同厚度煤尘层最低着火温度的变化规律。结果表明:煤尘层厚度为5 mm时,挥发分质量分数大于35%的煤尘在较低温度便出现着火现象,肉眼很容易观察到火星的出现,温度曲线波动剧烈,而对于挥发分质量分数小于15%的煤尘,通过煤尘层内部"温度达到450℃"来判断其着火;在灰分质量分数相当的情况下,煤尘层最低着火温度随挥发分增加呈严格递减的趋势变化;得到了煤尘层厚度和最低着火温度的函数关系式,通过试验得到了挥发分质量分数为37.45%煤尘的重要常数M和N。     

车辆阻塞效应下隧道火灾烟气温度及烟气逆流长度变化规律研究

通过数值模拟方法对车辆阻塞效应下的隧道火灾烟气温度及烟气逆流长度的变化规律进行了研究。主要分两种车辆阻塞效应讨论:1辆设定大小车辆障碍物阻塞;2辆设定大小车辆障碍物阻塞,且在同一车道。通过改变火源高度、纵向通风速度探究了车辆阻塞效应下隧道火灾烟气温度及烟气逆流长度的变化规律。结果表明:两种车辆阻塞效应下,随着火源高度的升高,隧道内顶棚烟气温度的变化规律相同:随火源高度的升高而增大。2辆车辆阻塞下的隧道顶棚烟气温度略低;两种车辆阻塞效应下,随着火源高度的升高,隧道内烟气逆流长度的变化规律不同。1辆车辆阻塞下烟气逆流长度随火源高度的升高而增大,而2辆车辆阻塞效应下烟气逆流长度随火源高度的升高而减小。     

Forecast optimal fluoride concentration data in drinking water according to the ambient temperature in Golestan,Iran

Controlling fluoride concentrations in drinking water at optimal levels could be effective in preventing certain negative health effects in humans. This study investigated optimal fluoride concentrations in potable water in Golestan province, according the ambient temperatures in the province. The study used data on fluoride concentrations in drinking water supplied by the Water and Wastewater Company of Golestan Province. The annual mean maximum temperatures were extracted from a website that recorded daily ambient temperature. The optimal value of fluoride in drinking water for each county of Golestan province was calculated by the Galgan and Vermillion formula. The results show that all of the counties should contain fluoride concentrations ranging from 0.73 to 0.766 milligrams per liter (mg/L) according to the calculation formula, while fluoride concentrations were instead reported to range between 0.23 and 0.53 mg/L by the Water and Wastewater company. In addition, according to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, the concentrations of fluoride in potable in all of the cities in Golestan province fall below the WHO standard. In conclusion, we suggest that the fluoride concentrations in Golestan province's drinking water should be taken into account by the appropriate authorities and that optimal fluoride concentrations in drinking water according to ambient temperatures be set to avoiding negative health impacts.     

What Matters Most: Are Future Stream Temperatures More Sensitive to Changing Air Temperatures,Discharge, or Riparian Vegetation?

Simulations of stream temperatures showed a wide range of future thermal regimes under a warming climate — from 2.9°C warmer to 7.6°C cooler than current conditions — depending primarily on shade from riparian vegetation. We used the stream temperature model, Heat Source, to analyze a 37‐km study segment of the upper Middle Fork John Day River, located in northeast Oregon, USA. We developed alternative future scenarios based on downscaled projections from climate change models and the composition and structure of native riparian forests. We examined 36 scenarios combining future changes in air temperature (ΔT_air = 0°C, +2°C, and +4°C), stream discharge (ΔQ = ?30%, 0%, and +30%), and riparian vegetation (post‐wildfire with 7% shade, current vegetation with 19% shade, a young‐open forest with 34% shade, and a mature riparian forest with 79% effective shade). Shade from riparian vegetation had the largest influence on stream temperatures, changing the seven‐day average daily maximum temperature (7DADM) from +1°C to ?7°C. In comparison, the 7DADM increased by 1.4°C with a 4°C increase in air temperature and by 0.7°C with a 30% change in discharge. Many streams throughout the interior western United States have been altered in ways that have substantially reduced shade. The effect of restoring shade could result in future stream temperatures that are colder than today, even under a warmer climate with substantially lower late‐summer streamflow.