Effects of temperature on UV-B-induced DNA damage and photorepair in Arabidopsis thaliana

DNA damage in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers(CPDs) and (6-4) photopreducts(6-4PPs) induced by UV-B radiation in Arabidopsis thaliana at different temperatures was investigated using ELISA with specific monoclonal antibodies. CPDs and 6-4PPs increased during 3 h UV-B exposure, but further exposure led to decreases. Contrary to the commonly accepted view that DNA damage induced by UV-B radiation is temperature-independent because of its photochemical nature, we found UV-B-induction of CPDs and 6-4PPs in Arabidopsis to be slower at a low than at a high temperature. Photorepair of CPDs at 24℃ was much faster than that at 0℃ and 12℃,with 50% CPDs removal during 1 h exposure to white light. Photorepair of 6-4PPs at 12℃ was very slow as compared with that at 24℃,and almost no removal of 6-4PPs was detected after 4 h exposure to white light at 0℃. There was evidence to suggest that temperaturedependent DNA damage and photorepair could have important ecological implications.     

Growth and phosphate uptake kinetics of Microcystis aeruginosa under various environmental conditions

Growth and uptake of exogenous phosphate by Microcystis aeruginosa in batch culture under different temperature, photoperiod, and turbulence were studied by the method of phosphate isotope tracer. Relatively high temperature, long photoperiod and strong turbulence increased the cell density of M. aeruginosa in these batch cultures. The initial rapid uptake of phosphate by M. aeruginosa was independent of the temperature, photoperiod, and turbulence. Similarly, maximum exogenous phosphate uptake was not related to these environmental factors. However, elevated temperature and turbulence shortened the time, required to obtain maximum P accumulation. The growth of M. aeruginosa could alleviate the phosphorous leakage. Total amounts of exogenous phosphate uptake to M. aeruginosa and the phosphorus leakage of M. aeruginosa were significantly influenced by the growth state of M. aeruginosa closely correlated with the environmental factors. The maximum volume of exogenous phosphate uptake to M. aeruginosa was 46% of added exogenous phosphate in water with 16 hours of photoperiod. Thus, total amounts of exogenous phosphate uptake to M. aeruginosa were more strongly affected by the photoperiod length than temperature and turbulence.     

Degradation of phenol in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor at ambient temperatureKE

A synthetic wastewater containing phenol as sole substrate was treated in a 2.8 L upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor at ambient temperature. The operation conditions and phenol removal efficiency were discussed, microbial population in the UASB sludge was identified based on DNA cloning, and pathway of anaerobic phenol degradation was proposed. Phenol in wastewater was degraded in an UASB reactor at loading rate up to 18 gCOD/(L·d), With a 1:1 recycle ratio, at 26(1℃, pH 7.0-7.5. An UASB reactor was able to remove 99% of phenol up to 1226 mg/L in wastewater with 24 h of hydraulic retention time(HRT). For HRT below 24 h, phenol degradation efficiency decreased with HRT, from 95.4% at 16 h to 93.8% at 12 h. It further deteriorated to 88.5% when HRT reached 8 h. When the concentration of influent phenol of the reactor was 1260 mg/L(corresponding COD 3000 mg/L), with the HRT decreasing(from 40 h to 4 h, corresponding COD loading increasing), the biomass yields tended to increase from 0.265 to 3.08 g/(L·d). While at 12 h of HRT, the biomass yield was lower. When HRT was 12 h, the methane yield was 0.308 L/(gCOD removed), which was the highest. Throughout the study, phenol was the sole organic substrate. The effluent contained only residual phenol without any detectable intermediates, such as benzoate, 4-hydrobenzoate or volatile fatty acids(VFAs). Based on DNA cloning analysis, the sludge was composed of five groups of microorganisms. Desulfotomaculum and Clostridium were likely responsible for the conversion of phenol to benzoate, which was further degraded by Syntrophus to acetate and H2/CO2. Methanogens lastly converted acetate and H2/CO2 to methane. The role of epsilon-Proteobacteria was, however, unsure.     

加速量热仪在物质热稳定性研究中的应用

加速量热仪（ARC）是一种基于绝热原理设计的热分析仪器,与其它热分析仪器相比,加速量热仪可以测量克量级的固体或高闪点液体样品,具有测试样品最大,敏感度高等特点,并能够实时记录样品放热反应过程中的温度和压力变化,以过氧化氢叔丁基为例说明加速量热仪测试结果在研究物质质变热稳定性方面的应用,得到了过氧化氢叔丁基放热分解反应的温度－时间和压力－时间关系曲线以及升温速度和压力随温度变化的曲线,通过计算和分析得到了反应系统升压速率随压力的变化曲线,计算出了过氧化氢叔丁基分解反应的动力学参数表观活化能Ea和指前因子A。     

考虑贮存剖面的固体火箭发动机橡胶密封圈贮存寿命研究

目的 对贮存周期内包含多个温度环境剖面的固体火箭发动机橡胶密封圈贮存寿命进行评估。方法 通过开展硅橡胶材料加速老化试验,结合Arrhenius老化规律,建立硅橡胶老化模型,获得硅橡胶加速老化等当规律,并根据等当关系开展模拟密封装置加速老化试验,考核老化后硅橡胶密封性。最后通过对固体火箭发动机贮存环境剖面进行梳理,计算出贮存周期下的等效温度,并结合试验获得的硅橡胶密封圈老化性能,直接对该贮存周期下密封圈老化寿命进行评估。结果 通过硅橡胶材料老化试验及模拟密封装置老化试验,得到了25℃下硅橡胶能够满足20 a的使用寿命。随后通过梳理并计算得出固体火箭发动机贮存周期下的等效温度为22.78℃,可以直接获得该发动机使用的硅橡胶密封圈寿命在该贮存环境下能够满足20 a使用寿命。结论 通过计算贮存周期下多个温度环境剖面的等效温度,并结合加速老化试验结论,可快速获得橡胶密封圈老化寿命。     

引信在长期贮存下老化行为的仿真模拟与分析

目的 厘清某型引信在贮存14 a后的失效模式,研究温度周期性交变对引信及其薄弱零件的影响。方法利用ANSYS workbench软件,建立基于时间硬化的蠕变仿真方法。以某型引信为研究对象,开展周期性温度交变的蠕变仿真,根据仿真计算结果和实物的对比分析,找出薄弱零件,分析其老化失效模式。结果 在每个周期内环境温度循环条件下,仿真时长设定为14 a,结果显示,引信整体蠕变应变率超过1%,平均压紧应力下降21%,松弛稳定性变弱,密封性在一定程度上变差。其中,引信电机外壳、电机扇叶、底部线路对接板为薄弱零件,容易发生失效行为。结论 引信贮存在典型西南湿热环境14 a后,周期性温度交变应力将导致引信出现缺陷,缺陷集中在电机外壳、电机扇叶、底部线路对接板处,应重点对这些部位进行防护。     

典型装备温度响应测量及平衡时间研究

目的 研究武器装备在温度环境试验过程中温度的测量方法和温度平衡稳定的时间。方法 利用直接测量方法对3种典型装备进行温度响应时间测量和分析,找出不同类型装备的传热规律,明确其温度环境试验的作用机理,确定装备的温度平衡时间。结果 通过多项试验测试的数据分析了武器装备温度试验应力的选取,在低温和高温工作试验时,整体温度平衡所需时间应适当延长8～10h,高温贮存时间偏短,应适当延长4～6h。结论 在武器装备温度环境试验中,应根据自身性能特点获得装备的真实温度相应特性,在条件允许的情况下,尽可能地敞开武器装备的密闭空间,加快热交换,以缩短达到温度平衡的时间。对于关键及敏感部件,应实时进行温度响应测量,保证试验量级选取的科学合理,为装备环境分析及试验方案的制定提供参考依据。     

用铁泥制氧化铁红

研究了以染化厂废料铁泥和工业废硫酸为原料,采用高温干法制取氧化铁红的工艺,简要介绍了该法生产氧化铁红的反应机理,探讨了氧化剂,氧化时间,氧化温度等对产品质量的影响,确定了适宜工艺条件,提出了工业生产流程和尾气治理方案。     

煤矿通风机电机温度高故障研究与解决应用

经过充分调研,结合理论分析,从选型、设计制造、试验、运行维护4个方面全面分析煤矿通风机电机温度高的故障原因,从选型、设计、立法与标准制定、执法等方面提出了具体的解决措施,最后结合具体实例,应用提出的措施很好地解决了煤矿通风机电机温度高的故障。     

供风量对褐煤自燃极限参数的影响研究

为研究不同供风量对褐煤自燃特性的影响规律,选取平庄瑞安煤矿褐煤作为试验煤样,利用程序升温试验和气相色谱仪,研究低温氧化阶段不同供风量条件下褐煤自燃极限参数与温度、供风量之间的变化规律。结果表明:温度在40~120℃时,随着供风量增大,褐煤的最小浮煤厚度和下限氧浓度降低,上限漏风强度增加;温度在120~200℃,供风量为40~80 mL/min和160~200 mL/min时,随着供风量的增加,其最小浮煤厚度和下限氧浓度增加,上限漏风强度减少;供风量为80~160 mL/min时,在供风量增大的情况下,褐煤的最小浮煤厚度和下限氧浓度降低,上限漏风强度增加;随着供风量减小,煤样临界点温度降低。