改性粉煤灰的沉淀与吸附协同作用去除水体中磷研究

以建筑废弃物粉煤灰砖为吸附材料,经硫酸和盐酸改性研究了粉煤灰砖块粉末(fly ash brick powder,简称FABP)对水体中磷的净化效果,并探究了酸改性种类、投加量、接触时间、p H对磷去除率的影响。结果表明:酸改性后的FABP比表面积显著增大,且表面变得粗糙。硫酸改性粉煤灰砖块粉末(sulfuric acid modified fly ash brick powder,简称S-FABP)对水体中磷有良好的去除效果,当投加量为3.0g时磷去除率达到98.5%,且反应初始的5 min内磷的去除率达92.7%。分析S-FABP去除磷的机理为沉淀反应和吸附反应协同作用的结果,在酸性和碱性条件下有不同的沉淀反应发生。根据Langmuir和Freundlich方程拟合结果,S-FABP对水中磷的吸附等温模型符合Langmuir模型,理论饱和吸附量为7.69 mg/g。     

山东省酸雨状况及成因研究

依据山东省多年来的降水观测资料,评价了酸雨污染现状,研究了酸雨时空分布规律.通过对主要酸雨前体物的排放强度与降水酸度的关系,土壤酸碱性与降水酸度的关系,以及气象条件对酸雨影响的分析,探讨了山东省酸雨的成因.     

上海气象参数与太阳活动和ENSO的关系

运用2进小波的分解与重构技术分析了太阳活动、厄尔尼诺—南方涛动(ENS0)与上海地区月降水量、月均气压和月均温度序列之间的可能关系。研究结果表明，在不同的时间尺度(频带)上太阳活动和ENS0对上海的月降水量、月均气压和月均温度有不同的影响；在某种程度上ENS0活动对上海月降水量和月均气温的影响强于太阳活动的影响。结果还清楚表明和证实了在不同频带上太阳活动与ENS0活动之间的密切联系。     

LONG TERM TRENDS OF ANNUAL AND MONTHLY PRECIPITATION IN JAPAN1

ABSTRACT: Long term trends in Japan's annual and monthly precipitation are investigated in this study. The statistical significance of a trend at a study site is assessed by the Mann‐Kendall (MK) test, and field significance of trends in climatic Regions II, III, and IV is evaluated using the bootstrap test preserving cross correlation. The practical significance of a trend is judged by a percentage change of the sample mean over an observation period. The field significance assessment demonstrates that annual precipitation in Region II did not show any significant change, but regional precipitation shifts occurred in different months. Precipitation significantly increased by 12.2 percent in May, while it significantly decreased by 12.0, 10.5, 15.6, and 19.7 percent, respectively, in April, September, October, and December. In Region III, annual precipitation declined by 11.8 percent, and monthly precipitation significantly decreased from September through January and in April, with the greatest decrease (38.2 percent) in December. In Region IV, significant reductions occurred in both annual precipitation (by 15.6 percent) and monthly precipitation from September through February and in June and July, with the worst reduction (44.7 percent) in December.     

湖南汛期降水分区和变化规律的探讨

利用湖南５２站汛期降水资料,根据聚类分析方法,进行降水分区,结果共分为Ⅰ区,Ⅲ区（湘北）Ⅲ区（湘东）,Ⅳ区（湘中）和Ⅴ区（湘南）等５个区域,能反映地理位置和地形对降水的影响。然后,通过统计分析,讨论了各区域汛期降水的年际变化趋势,结果表明,Ⅱ区（湘北）汛期降水的年际变化最大;同时,根据各区域汛期降水的距平资料,探讨了它们的变化规律,结果显示,基本上都呈现出上升－下降－上升的特征,只有Ⅴ区（湘南）稍     

酯化废水铁还原预处理的研究

用铁还原－中和－混凝沉淀法进行酯化废水预处理试验,原废水不稀释,铁还原处理在曝气条件下运行,还原时间为７￣８ｈ,处理过程中的耗铁量为每升废水１２０ｍｇ左右,全过程ＣＯＤ去除率可达３０％以上,ＢＯＤ５去除率可达４０％以上,色度降低５０％。     

含有机硫废碱液的综合利用

采用ＣｕＯ沉淀剂与含有机硫废碱液进行固液反应,经过滤回收ＮａＯＨ,碱液中的有机硫由滤渣吸附除去,灼烧滤渣得到的ＣｕＯ可循环使用,并可得到副产品Ｎａ２Ｓ２Ｏ５。最佳的试验条件为;Ｃｕ：Ｓ＝１．５６;１,反应温度２０－３０℃,反应时间３０ｍｉｎ,滤渣灼烧温度９００－９５０℃,灼烧时间３０ｍｉｎ。     

用酸化容量法对水体发生酸化敏感性评价方法的研究

本文对我国酸雨严重地区的部分水体中的缓冲容量以及缓冲容量随酸性沉降的变化过程进行了分析研究,首次提出了用酸化容量法评价水体发生酸化的敏感性。由于该方法尽可能地考虑水体各组分之间的相互作用与联系,因而,评价结果更为科学合理     

Chelation of heavy metals by potassium butyl dithiophosphate

Potassium butyl dithiophosphate (PBD) was developed and introduced as a new chelating agent for heavy metal removal. The synthesized PBD were characterized by IR and NMR. The e ects of pH, chelating agent dosage, and other heavy metal ions on the performance of PBD in Cd2+ removal from water are investigated. Experimental results showed that the chelating agent could be used to treat acidic heavy metal wastewater. The Cd2+ removal was not a ected by solution pH value within the range of 2 to 6. The Cd2+ removal rate could reach over 99%. Therefore, the deficiency of the precipitation process using hydroxide under alkaline condition can be overcome.Without the need for pH adjustment, the method could save on costs. If Cd2+ co-exists with Pb2+ and Cu2+, the a nity of the chelating agent with these three heavy metal ions was in the order of: Cu2+ > Pb2+ > Cd2+. Through PBD chelating precipitation, all the contents of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+ in wastewater met the standard levels through a one-step treatment. The one-step treatment process was superior to the process (sectional treatment is required) of precipitation with hydroxide. When the pH was between 3 and 11, the amount of leached chelated Cd2+ was much lower than that obtained by precipitation with hydroxide. Therefore, the risk of environmental pollution could be further reduced.     

沸石吸附氨氮辅助鸟粪石法去除养猪废水营养物质

利用镁盐为沉淀剂,以鸟粪石沉淀的形式去除养猪废水中的氮、磷,同时采用天然斜发沸石吸附法来提高氨氮的去除效果,以及曝气吹脱CO2方式提高溶液的pH值.考察了沸石投加量、镁盐投加量、曝气时间及初始pH等因素对氨氮和磷酸盐去除效果的影响.结果表明,对于原养猪废水(pH=7.51),在沸石投加量为0.5 g/L,Mg/P摩尔比...