Fe(VI)/CaO2双氧化体系降解水环境中的DMP

研究了高铁酸盐（Fe（VI））/过氧化钙（CaO₂）联合处理对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）的降解性能及机理,分析了共存离子的影响.基于响应面方法中的Box-Behnken实验设计进行了多因素实验,采用二次多项式和逐步回归法拟合了DMP去除率与Fe（VI）投加量、CaO₂投加量和反应时间之间的关系,对实验条件进行了优化分析.结果表明,在初始pH值为中性条件下,Fe（VI）/CaO₂可以有效去除DMP,降解过程符合准一级动力学模型.当Fe（VI）/CaO₂/DMP物质的量比为1.1/4.4/1时,模型预测DMP最大降解率为95.57%,和验证实验得出的降解率90.14%相近,表明该响应面模型具有较好的模拟和预测能力.HCO₃^-和Mg²⁺对DMP的降解有一定抑制作用.自由基清除实验结果显示,羟基自由基（HO·）和超氧自由基（O₂^-·）对DMP的降解具有重要贡献,表明Fe（VI）和CaO₂可形成类芬顿试剂协同降解污染物.DMP的主要降解途径包括酯基水解、侧链氧化和苯环的羟基化;主要降解产物为邻苯二甲酸单甲酯,2,5-二羟基苯甲酸,间苯二甲酸,草酸等.     

2012~2013年间北京市PM2.5中水溶性离子时空分布规律及相关性分析

2012年8月~2013年7月,在北京市包括城市背景、城区、郊区以及边界传输点在内的9个监测点位进行大气细颗粒物PM2.5样品的采集与分析,共获得486个有效样本及9种水溶性离子的质量浓度.观测期间9种水溶性离子总质量浓度为60.5μg·m-3,浓度水平高低顺序分别为NO-3SO2-4NH+-4Cl-Na+K+Ca2+F-Mg2+;其中SO2-4、NO-3和NH+4(三者简称SNA)占全部所测水溶性离子的88%;NO-3是全年波动范围最大的二次离子.对所测阴、阳离子相关性研究发现,阴、阳离子总体相关性良好,春、冬季阴、阳离子相关性要好于夏、秋季.对不同颗粒质量级别中的水溶性离子研究发现,SNA积累活跃,相对于SO2-4的积累,NO-3和NH+4在二次离子的形成过程中占据主导地位;NO-3是重污染过程累积效应比较明显且贡献相对较高的二次离子.     

煤燃烧过程中有机钙固氟效果研究

选择醋酸钙镁、醋酸钙2种有机钙为固氟剂,在固定床管式炉上对它们的固氟效果进行了初步研究,并分析了粒径、温度、钙硫比等对试验结果的影响.通过与传统固氟剂碳酸钙的固氟效果进行比较发现:在相同实验条件下,这2种有机钙具有良好的固氟效果,高温阶段效果更加明显,温度为1 000～1 100℃时,醋酸钙镁的固氟率是碳酸钙的1.68～1.74倍,醋酸钙的固氟率为碳酸钙的1.28～1.37倍.     

磷酸钙盐法回收剩余污泥超声波处理上清液中磷的研究

在污泥减量化处理中,细胞微生物中的碳氮磷等会释放到上清液中。为了对上清液中的磷进行有效回收,在前期研究的基础上,以生物厌氧好氧除磷(An/O)工艺的剩余污泥超声波处理上清液为研究对象,考察了磷酸钙盐(HAP)法的磷回收效果。结果表明:HAP法反应较快,5 min时反应基本完成;初始pH值在8.5～10.0时,回收率均可保持在较高水平;最佳钙磷比(Ca2+/PO34--P)为3.87。在以上最佳工艺条件下,总磷(TP)、正磷酸盐(PO34--P)的回收率分别达到88.4%、94.0%,同时对上清液中的有机物、氮也有一定的去除。     

TAR柱前络合、毛细管电泳分析痕量金属离子

1　IntroductionTransitionmetalswereamongthemostconcernelementsinenvironmentalanalysisduetotheirpotentialrolestoplantandanimals[1 ].Theserolesoftransitionmetalsinenvironmentdependedontheirconcentrationinthesoil,waterandlivingthings.Currently ,themostutiliz…     

Concentrations of inorganic elements in bottled waters on the Swedish market

This study presents the concentrations of about 50 metals and ions in 33 different brands of bottled waters on the Swedish market. Ten of the brands showed calcium (Ca) concentrations ≤10 mg L⁻¹ and magnesium (Mg) levels <3 mg L⁻¹, implying very soft waters. Three of these waters had in addition low concentrations of sodium (Na; <7 mg L⁻¹), potassium (K; <3 mg L⁻¹) and bicarbonate (HCO₃ ≤31 mg L⁻¹). These brands were collected from barren districts. Nine of the brands were collected from limestone regions. They showed increased Ca-levels exceeding 50 mg L⁻¹ with a maximum of 289 mg L⁻¹. Corresponding Mg-levels were also raised in two brands exceeding 90 mg L⁻¹. Two soft and carbonated waters were supplemented with Na₂CO₃ and NaCl, resulting in high concentrations of Na (644 and 648 mg L⁻¹) and chloride (Cl; 204 and 219 mg L⁻¹). Such waters may make a substantial contribution to the daily intake of NaCl in high water consumers. The storage of carbonated drinking water in aluminum (Al) cans increased the Al-concentration to about 70 μg L⁻¹. Conclusion As there was a large variation in the material as regards concentrations of macro-elements such as Ca, Mg, Na, K and Cl. Supplementation with salts, e.g., Na₂CO₃, K₂ CO₃ and NaCl, can lead to increased concentrations of Na, K and Cl, as well as decreased ratios of Ca/Na and larger ratios of Na/K. Water with high concentrations of e.g., Ca and Mg, may make a substantial contribution to the daily intake of these elements in high water consumers. Al cans are less suited for storage of carbonated waters, as the lowered pH-values may dissolve Al. The levels of potentially toxic metals in the studied brands were generally low.     

交联壳聚糖冠醚的合成及其对金属离子的吸附性能

本文合成了交联壳聚糖苯并－１５－冠－５醚和交联壳聚糖苯并－１８－冠－６醚,研究了它们对Ａｇ（Ⅰ）Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）,Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）,Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）,Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）等金属离子的吸附性能和选择性,实验结果表明：无论是在单一金属离子体系还是在二元或三元金属离子体系中,ＣＣＴＳ－ＢＸ和ＣＣＴＳ－ＢＹ对Ａｇ（Ⅰ）和Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）者有较高的吸附选择性。     

原子吸收分光光度法测定植株中钙、镁的几种样品前处理方法的比较

本文比较了原子吸收分光光度法测定植株中钙、镁的三种样品前处理方法：干友化法、１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ振荡提取法（振荡法）和１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ静止浸泡提取法（浸泡法）．结果表明，振荡法和浸泡法对钙的测定结果平均分别为干灰化法的１０１％和９２．０％，对镁的测定结果平均分别为１０３％和９７．６％．振荡法和浸泡法与干灰化法之间不存在显著性差异（α＝０．０５），它们之间有极显著的正相关性（相关系数在０．９９以上）．因此，在大批量样品的常规分析中，１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ提取法可代替干灰化法．     

Geochemical Characteristics of the Acid Mine Drainage in the Water System in the Vicinity of the Dogye Coal Mine in Korea

This study investigated geochemical characteristics of the acid mine drainage (AMD) discharged from the abandoned mine adits in the vicinity of the Dogye coal mine in Korea. Acid mine drainage discharged from Jeoncha pit adit of the Dogye coal mine, which is the main source of the AMD in the study area, had a pH value of 3.0 and concentrations of 2148mg SO₄ ^2– L^–1, 229mg Fe L^–1, 71mg A1 L^–1 and 11mg Mn L^–1. The reduction of some metal concentrations downstream from the discharge point could be explained on the basis of dilution and precipitation. The order of removal of metal ions downstream from the discharge point was Fe>A1, Cu>Zn, Mn. Acidity could be used as a good determining factor offering comprehensive and quantitative values for the polluting extent of acid mine drainage. The acidities existing in all acidic water samples in the Gunahan district originated primarily from mineral acidity, especially in the upper Nahan Creek from dissolved Fe and Al and in the middle and down Nahan Creek from dissolved Al. From the application of the WATEQ4F program, it was determined that predominant species of dissolved Fe in all water samples was Fe²⁺, and those of dissolved Al were AlSO₄ ⁺ and Al³⁺ except for IW2 sample which was associated with white precipitates. The species of dissolved Al in IW2 sample include also AlOH²⁺ and Al(OH)₂ ⁺. The saturation indices of goethite and haematite were positive in the water samples associated with ochrous precipitates (usually called Yellow Boy), therefore these solids might be precipitated. For the IW2 sample, the saturation indices of amorphous Al(OH)₃ and gibbsite were positive, so theoretically these solids might also be precipitated. By XRD analysis, it was found that goethite occurs in ochrous precipitates, and gibbsite in white precipitates.     

Degradation of Starch–Calcium Carbonate Disposable Packaging in a Solid Waste Composting Facility

The compostability of starch–CaCO₃ disposable packaging was examined in a source-separated municipal solid waste (MSW) composting facility located in East Hampton, NY. Source-separated MSW:starch–CaCO₃ container mixtures of 0 (control), 5, and 20% (by volume) were prepared as feedstock for composting. Compost samples were collected weekly or biweekly during the composting process and examined for fragments of the starch–CaCO₃ containers. Changes in compost quality due to the presence of starch–CaCO₃ containers were assessed by measuring the nutrient and metal content of the three resultant MSW:starch–CaCO₃ composts. Finally, plant growth studies were conducted to examine the composts for possible plant growth inhibition due to the deterioration of the starch–CaCO₃ containers. Results showed that portions of the starch–CaCO₃ containers were not identified in any of the 5 and 20% sieved and characterized compost fractions > 1.3 cm following 1–3 weeks of composting. Mechanical agitation of the waste along with optimum composting conditions were sufficient to initiate the rapid degradation of the starch–CaCO₃ composites. Degradation of starch–CaCO₃ containers did not affect compost nutrient and trace element content. Grass biomass measurements were performed once weekly over 28 days for grass grown in control (0%), 5%, and 20% starch–CaCO₃-containing compost:soil mixtures. Significant differences in grass biomass for these compost:soil mixtures were measured only for the 0 and 20% starch–CaCO₃-containing compost:soil mixtures at 28 days (9.07 vs 11.05 g, respectively; P = 0.046).