不同聚合度的聚磷酸铵灭火性能研究*

为考察聚磷酸铵（APP）干粉灭火剂的聚合度对其灭火性能的影响,选用3种不同聚合度的APP,结合其晶体结构、粒度分布及热性能测试,并通过粉体杯式燃烧器进行小尺寸灭火实验,对比3种样品的灭火性能及灭火机理,研究聚合度与其灭火性能的关系。热性能测试结果显示,聚合度的升高会导致APP的热稳定性下降,随着聚合度从80升至1 500,其初始分解温度从326.11 ℃降低至321.54 ℃,失重率从75.21%增加至79.66%。实验结果表明:随着APP聚合度的增加,火焰降温速率升高,最小灭火浓度（MEC）降低,灭火性能增强,当聚合度为1 500时,MEC为118.143 g/m3。聚合度的升高有助于APP在进入火场后更早、更充分地与火焰发生反应,从而使灭火性能得到提升。     

Bioabsorbable Soy Protein Plastic Composites: Effect of Polyphosphate Fillers on Biodegradability

The use of biodegradable polymers made from renewable agricultural products such as soy protein isolate has been limited by the tendency of these materials to absorb moisture. A straightforward approach for controlling the inherent water absorbency of the biodegradable polymers involves blending special bioabsorbable polyphosphate fillers, biodegradable soy protein isolate, plasticizer, and adhesion promoter in a high-shear mixer followed by compression molding. The procedure yields a relatively water-resistant, biodegradable soy protein polymer composite, as previously reported. The aim of the present study is to determine the biodegradability of the new polyphosphate filler/soy protein plastic composites by monitoring the carbon dioxide released over a period of 120 days. The results suggest that the composites biodegrade satisfactorily, with the fillers having no significant effect on the depolymerization and mineralization of the soy protein plastic, processes that would otherwise result in nonbiodegradable composites. Further, the results indicate that the biodegradation and useful service life of these biocomposites may be controlled by changing the filler concentration, making the biocomposites useful in applications in which the control of water resistance and biodegradation is critical.     

聚环氧琥珀酸钠阻碳酸钙垢性能研究

研究了聚环氧琥珀酸钠在不同因素下的阻碳酸钙性能。实验结果表明 ,聚环氧琥珀酸钠具有较高的阻垢性能和较好的热稳定性 ,在高钙离子浓度、高温水系统中长时间停留对碳酸钙仍有较强的抑制作用。     

沙尘暴细颗粒物对大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞钙水平和脂质过氧化的影响

2004年3月采集甘肃省武威市和内蒙古包头市正常良好天气、局地扬沙天气和沙尘暴天气的大气细颗粒物(PM2．5)样品,以不同浓度的细颗粒物悬液体外处理大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞后测定细胞内丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(IgSH)及胞质游离Ca^2 含量,并观察不同处理时间的细胞存活率．研究结果表明：(1)沙尘暴与非沙尘暴PM2．5均使细胞内MDA和Ca^2 含量升高、GSH含量下降,且对细胞毒性存在时间．效应和剂量．效应关系,(2)PM2．5对各指标的影响仅与处理剂量有关,而与样品种类无关．沙尘暴期间大气PM2．5浓度很高,因而沙尘暴PM2.5的危害作用不可忽视。     

生物除磷过程厌氧释磷的代谢机理及其动力学分析

运用充分曝气后的好氧末端活性污泥进行了厌氧释磷实验.结果表明,在厌氧释磷过程中VSS呈现出上升的趋势,而MLSS及灰分均呈现出下降的趋势.当微生物体内的糖原耗尽时,会引起厌氧吸收HAc及释磷过程的中断.得出ΔρPΔρPHB、ΔρGLYΔρPHB、ΔρPΔCOD、ΔρPHBΔCOD各比值的平均值分别为0.48、0.50、0.44、0.92.通过对厌氧吸收HAc及释磷动力学过程进行模拟,得到QHAc,max为164mg·g-1·h-1,QP,max为69.9mg·g-1·h-1,KGYL为0.005,KCOD为3mg·L-1.ΔρPΔCOD与溶液中pH呈明显的线性关系,且得到了二者之间的线性方程.     

砷酸钙化合物的溶解度及其稳定性随pH值的变化

通过混合沉淀和溶解实验详细研究了pH值和Ca/As摩尔比对石灰沉淀法处理高浓度含砷废水的影响.沉淀后溶液中的As浓度随pH值的变化趋势与混合液的Ca/As摩尔比有关,在Ca/As=1·50和1·67时,沉淀后溶液中的As浓度在pH=7附近达到最低,然后随pH值的升高而呈现出增大的趋势;在Ca/As=2·00和4·00时,沉淀后溶液中的As浓度随pH值的升高而降低,且2种Ca/As摩尔比条件下的实验结果基本一致.混合沉淀过程中生成的砷酸钙化合物的组成与结构取决于溶液的Ca/As摩尔比和pH值.在低pH值和低Ca/As摩尔比条件下形成的沉淀物要比在高pH值和高Ca/As摩尔比条件下形成的沉淀物的颗粒要大,而且结晶程度要好.在Ca/As摩尔比为1·0~4·0和不同pH值条件下,主要生成Ca_3(AsO_4)_2·3H_2O、Ca_3(AsO_4)_2·2·25H_2O、Ca_5(AsO-4)_3OH和Ca_4(OH)-2(AsO_4)2·4H_2O,溶度积分别等于10~(-21·14)、10~(-21·40)、10~(-40·12)和10~(-27·49).     

Mechanism of calcium mitigating membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactors

Two parallel membrane bioreactors (MBRs) were operated under different calcium dosages (168.5, 27 mg/L) to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of retarding membrane fouling by adding calcium. The results showed that the particle size of sludge flocs increased and the particle size distribution tended to be narrow at the optimum dosage (168.5 mg/L). Calcium was effective in decreasing loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS) in microbial flocs and soluble microbial products (SMP) in the supernatant at the dosage of 168.5 mg/L by strengthening the neutralization and bridging of EPS with flocs. Furthermore, the amount of COD_S and COD_C decreased in both the mixed liquor and the fouling cake layer on the membrane surface. In order to compare the filtration characteristics of cake layers from the MBRs with the two calcium dosages, the specific cake resistance and the compressibility coefficient were measured. The specific cake resistance from the MBR with optimum dosage (168.5 mg/L) was distinctly lower than that with low dosage (27 mg/L). The compressibility coefficient of the cake layers under two dosages were respectively attained as 0.65, 0.91. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and three-dimensional confocal scanning laser microscope analysis (CLSM) images were utilized to observe the gel layer directly.     

硝酸钙添加和锆改性膨润土覆盖联用控制底泥中磷释放的效果及机制

通过底泥培养实验,研究了硝酸钙添加和锆改性膨润土覆盖联用控制底泥中磷释放的效果及机制.结果发现,在缺氧条件下,底泥中磷会先释放出来进入间隙水中,而后穿越底泥-水界面扩散进入上覆水中,导致上覆水中溶解态活性磷(SRP)和薄膜扩散梯度(DGT)有效态磷浓度较高.但是,联合使用硝酸钙添加和锆改性膨润土覆盖可有效控制底泥中磷释...     

废水生物除磷机理研究——Ⅰ.活性污泥混合液中微生物内聚磷酸盐含量变化特点

提出了活性污泥混合液中微生物内聚磷酸盐含量的测定方法.分别考察了常温好氧、厌氧条件下,废水生物除磷试验装置内活性污泥混合液中微生物内聚磷酸盐含量随时间变化的特点.结果表明,好氧条件下,微生物的内聚磷酸盐含量随时间的延长呈线性关系增加;厌氧条件下,聚磷酸盐含量随时间的延长呈线性关系减少.     

钙-钙双碱法脱硫技术及其在工业中的应用

探讨了不同pH值下石灰湿法脱硫的反应机理 ,在此基础上提出了钙 钙双碱法 .研究了影响钙 钙双碱法脱硫效率的因素 .工业应用结果表明 ,该法由于在理论上解释、实践中解决了石灰湿法脱硫设备结垢问题 ,因而能连续、稳定脱硫 ,脱硫率达 80 %— 96 %.与传统钠 钙双碱法比较 ,新方法物料单一 ,工艺、设备简单 ,不耗钠碱 ,投资和运行费用更低 .