基于白碳黑的水化硅酸钙制备及其磷回收特性简

以白碳黑、硅灰、硅藻土和硅胶筛选硅质原料,并与钙质原料电石渣制备了水化硅酸钙。借助XRF、BET、FTIR等表征手段,通过多次重复除磷实验,研究了硅质原料特性对水化硅酸钙回收磷性能的影响。结果表明,白碳黑具有极高的反应活性,因此可作为制备具有磷回收特性的水化硅酸钙的硅质原料。结合XRD等表征发现,白碳黑的有效利用率是影响水化硅酸钙回收磷性能的关键,该利用率取决于白碳黑与电石渣的摩尔配比以及水热反应温度。当电石渣与白碳黑的摩尔比为1.6：1,反应温度为170℃时,白碳黑具有最佳的利用效率。该条件制备的水化硅酸钙可作为晶种,在其表面结晶形成羟基磷灰石,从而达到磷回收的目的,磷回收后固体物质中的磷含量为19.05%。     

Does copper reduce cadmium uptake by different rice genotypes？

A hydroponics experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of copper （Cu） on cadmium （Cd）, calcium （Ca）, iron （Fe）, and zinc （Zn） uptake by several rice genotypes. The experiment was carried out as a 2×2×4 factorial with four rice genotypes and two levels of Cu and Cd in nutrient solution. Plants were grown in a growth chamber with controlled environment. The results showed a significant difference between the biomass of different rice genotypes （P 〈 0.001）. The Cd and Cu concentration in the solution had no significant effect on the biomass. The addition of Cu significantly decreased Cd uptake by shoots and roots of rice （P 〈 0.001）. The Cd concentration did not significantly influence Ca uptake by plants, whereas the Cu concentration did （P = 0.034）. There was a significant influence of Cd on Fe uptake by shoots and roots （P 〈 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively）. Zn uptake decreased significantly as the addition of Cd and Cu increased in shoots. We concluded that Cu had significant influence on Cd uptake. The possible mechanisms were discussed.     

镉对体外培养鸡脾淋巴细胞钙稳态的影响

为了探讨钙稳态在镉对禽类免疫抑制中的作用,以终浓度为10 pμmol·L-1的CdCI:对急性分离的鸡脾淋巴细胞进行染毒,分别在培养12、24、36、48 h和72 h时收集细胞,采用Eura-2/AM荧光标记、半定量RT-PCR和酶试剂盒比色的方法分别研究了细胞内游离钙离子浓度、CaMmRNA的表达以及钙泵的活性.结果表明,随着镉作用时间的延长,淋巴细胞内游离钙离子浓度不断升高.CaM mRNA表达水平和钙泵活性不断下降,试验组与对照组差异显著(p<0.05或P<0.01),提示镉可使淋巴细胞内钙稳态失调而发挥免疫毒性作用.     

有机钙孔隙结构与脱硫性能研究

在定碳炉上对有机钙进行煅烧试验,利用氮吸附仪测定样品的微观孔隙结构,采用智能定硫仪对有机钙进行了脱硫实验研究.结果表明.900℃下煅烧.醋酸钙镁的比表面积高达46.6 m2/g,大约为普通石灰石比表面积的4倍.醋酸钙比表面积主要分布在孔径小于5 nm的微孔和中孔,醋酸钙镁比表面积主要集中在孔径为5 nm左右的中孔.醋酸钙的烧结主要发生在微孔和中孔,醋酸钙镁的烧结发生在整个孔径分布区域,有机钙表现出良好的抗烧结特性.1 000℃下按钙硫比为1添加钙基,有机钙的脱硫效率为68.28%-75.55%.比普通石灰石高1倍以上.煅烧形成的良好孔隙结构使得有机钙具有较高的脱硫效果.     

复合调质提高CaO固硫率的试验研究

对ＣａＯ 经乙醇调质后的固硫特性进行了试验研究，详细研究了水合温度、乙醇／Ｈ２Ｏ 配比等因素对ＣａＯ 固硫率的影响并作了理论分析，探讨了调质过程的机理．提出了在乙醇调质ＣａＯ 后再添加少量金属化合物的方法，发现在１１００℃高温下仍可达７０ ％ 的固硫率．     

垃圾焚烧烟气中HCl与消石灰的反应机理研究

测试了两种消石灰与垃圾焚烧烟气中HCl的反应率,得出了消石灰的反应率与反应时间的反应曲线,分析了消石灰与HCl的反应机理及影响消石灰最终反应率的因素。试验结果表明,消石灰与HCl反应初期按灰层扩散控制进行,两种消石灰的最终反应率分别为16％和36％。     

钙法解吸并固定乙醇胺富液中CO2

针对醇胺类吸收剂富液中CO_2的解吸及后续处置所存在的不足,提出一种新型解吸方案——钙法.通过CO_2负荷试验和Ca(OH)_2投加量试验确定了该法理想处理负荷为0.84 mol·L-1,理想投加比例为C∶Ca=1∶1(摩尔比),此条件下反应15 min和30 min的解吸率达到52.17%和55.02%,这表明钙法矿化解吸乙醇胺富液中CO_2是可行的.在此基础上,进一步研究了pH、温度和搅拌强度对CO_2解吸固定效果的影响.试验结果表明,CO_2解吸率随着pH和搅拌强度的增加而增大,但当pH和搅拌强度增大到一定程度后,解吸率增长放缓甚至出现下降.较高的解吸温度尽管解吸率更大,但高温条件下无法达到矿化固定CO_2的目的.CO_2二次吸收负荷试验表明经钙法解吸后的MEA再生液具有良好的可重复使用性.     

铝酸钙去除水中氟离子的条件研究

采用铝酸钙粉,进行去除模拟废水中氟离子的条件研究,并进行了pH值、温度等多项条件的系列实验。实验得出,当氟离子浓度为215mg/L,反应溶液为200mL,反应温度是影响去除率的主要因素,去除主要发生在前15min,除氟主要依靠沉淀、络合等作用。pH为11,40℃时,投加量50g/L时,去除率可以达到95.7%以上,出水可直接达标。     

Effect of humic substances on the precipitation of calcium phosphate

For phosphorus （P） recovery from wastewater, the effect of humic substances （HS） on the precipitation of calcium phosphate was studied. Batch experiments of calcium phosphate precipitation were undertaken with synthetic water that contained 20 mg/L phosphate （as P） and 20 mg/L HS （as dissolved organic carbon, DOC） at a constant pH value in the range of 8.0-10.0. The concentration variations of phosphate, calcium （Ca） and HS were measured in the precipitation process; the crystalline state and compositions of the precipitates were analysed by powder X-ray diffraction （XRD） and chemical methods, respectively. It showed that at solution pH 8.0, the precipitation rate and removal efficiency of phosphate were greatly reduced by HS, but at solution pH ≥9.0, the effect of HS was very small. The Ca consumption for the precipitation of phosphate increased when HS was added; HS was also removed from solution with the precipitation of calcium phosphate. At solution pH 8.0 and HS concentrations ≤3.5 mg/L, and at pH ≥ 9.0 and HS concentrations ≤ 10 mg/L, the final precipitates were proved to be hydroxyapatite （HAP） by XRD. The increases of solution pH value and initial Ca/P ratio helped reduce the influence of HS on the precipitation of phosphate.     

黄原胶对多硫化钙还原地下水中Cr(Ⅵ)的影响

通过加入黄原胶对流体进行黏度改性,增强修复剂在地下非均质环境中的迁移性能和污染物的接触效率,从而提高修复效率。实验重点研究了在黄原胶存在条件下,各因素(黄原胶浓度、多硫化钙剂量、地下水离子)对多硫化钙处理Cr(Ⅵ)的影响。结果表明,黄原胶对Cr(Ⅵ)去除具有一定抑制作用且在反应45 min内符合二级动力学方程;多硫化钙剂量对Cr(Ⅵ)去除影响显著:随着多硫化钙剂量的增加,Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率显著增加,但增加到1.25×后,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率增速减缓;HCO_3~-具有抑制作用,Mg~(2+)具有促进作用,NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、Cl~-、Ca~(2+)和K~+影响很小。