Ce-Mn/TiO2吸附剂的脱汞性能及抗SO2特性

采用浸渍法制备Mn/TiO₂（MT）、Ce/TiO₂（CT）和Ce-Mn/TiO₂（CMT）脱汞吸附剂,在固定床脱汞实验台上研究吸附剂的脱汞性能.结果表明,吸附温度为100~200℃时,3种吸附剂的脱汞性能均随温度的升高而增强;而在200~300℃范围内,脱汞效率均出现不同程度的降低.MT、CT及CMT吸附剂的脱汞效率在200℃时达到最高,分别为91%、58%和95%.MT和CT吸附剂的抗SO₂性能较弱,在N₂+6% O₂+1000×10^-6SO₂烟气条件下,30min内脱汞效率均下降到50%,而CMT吸附剂在2h内仍能保持80%以上的脱汞效率,表明在MT中掺杂Ce不仅可以提高吸附剂的脱汞性能,还可以增强抗SO₂性能.利用N₂吸附/脱附、X射线衍射（XRD）、H₂-程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等方法对吸附剂的物理化学性质进行表征,并对吸附产物进行热重分析（TG）和程序升温脱附实验（TPD）,阐明了CMT脱汞吸附剂的抗SO₂特性机理.Ce的掺杂,提高了活性组分在吸附剂表面的分散度及Mn⁴⁺的比例;相比于MnO₂,CeO₂可优先与SO₂反应,抑制了SO₂对Mn⁴⁺的毒害作用,从而提高了抗硫性能.     

A comparative study of modified and unmodified maize tassels for removal of selected trace metals in contaminated water

Powdered maize tassels were studied and found to exhibit metal sorption properties due to the availability of functional groups. The tassels have a high amount of soluble organic substances that can dissolve in aqueous media, contributing to secondary pollution during a water treatment process. A chelating agent was chemically attached on the maize tassels with a view to increase the sorption capacity, minimize leaching, and enhance the tassels’ stability. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that modification improved their thermal stability to withstand temperatures above 600°C as well as reduced the “secondary pollution”. The modified sorbent was employed for the sorption of lead, copper, and cadmium ions in both the model solutions and the real samples. The contact time and pH were optimized after which Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were applied to the data. The sorption capacities for Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺ improved from 3.4, 0.8, and 1.7?g?kg^?1, respectively, to 6.3, 2.6, and 2.6?g?kg^?1 in the same order. The sorbent was shown to remove up to 95% of the metals in less than 10 min. This study has a potential application for the remediation of polluted waters.     

以膨润土为载体的碳酸盐吸收剂对二氧化碳的吸收

采用膨润土为载体,KHCO3为前驱物通过喷雾-干燥法制成固体碳酸钾吸收剂,制成的固体吸收剂粒径大小为0.5—2.0 mm,密度为1.73 g.mL-1.通过K2CO3负载量、吸收温度、吸收时间、床层纵横比等因素考察固体吸收剂对CO2气体的吸收效率及循环反应特性.分析碳酸钾吸收剂对CO2的吸收机理,并与以碳酸氢钠为前驱物制备的吸收剂进行对比,比较两种吸收剂对CO2吸收效果的差异性.通过XRD测试吸收剂吸收反应前后组成的变化,BET多点法测试吸收剂比表面积,扫描电镜观察吸收剂表面形态特征.结果表明,碳酸钾吸收剂和碳酸钠吸收剂对CO2气体均具有较高的吸收量,相比而言碳酸钾吸收剂的碳酸化反应速率较快,而且经过多次循环反应后吸收效果未发生衰减,在60℃—80℃范围内,碳酸钾吸收剂对CO2的吸收能力最佳.     

沸石吸附剂脱除炼油废水中低浓度氨氮试验研究

沸石(FYH)吸附剂是抚顺石油化工研究院环保所研制开发的一种交换容量大、可再生的吸附剂,用于处理炼油废水中的氨氮时,去除率可以达到90%以上。吸附剂的穿透时间与空速有着直接关系,空速越大,穿透时间越短。吸附剂的交换容量也与空速有关。本试验中,在空速1.2h-1的条件下,吸附剂达到最大交换容量。将氯化钠和氢氧化钠以一定配比配制的再生液可以对FYH吸附剂进行快速而有效的再生。汽提含铵再生液效果很好,脱铵后的再生液中氨氮的浓度为未检出,回收的氨水浓度0.47%～0.68%。经过小试证明该工艺是可行的。     

Catalytic oxidation of calcium sulfite in solution/aqueous slurry

Forced oxidation of calcium sulfite aqueous slurry is a key step for the calcium-based flue gas desulfudzation(FGD) residue.Experiments were conducted in a semi-batch system and a continuous flow system on lab scales. The main reactor in semi-batch system is a 1000 ml volume flask. It has five necks for continuous feeding of gas and a batch of calcium sulfite solution/aqueous slurry. In continuous flow system, the main part is a jacketed Pyrex glass reactor in which gas and solution/aqueous slurry are fed continuously.Calcium sulfite oxidation is a series of complex free-radical reactions. According to experimental results and literature data, the reactions are influenced significantly by manganese as catalyst. At low concentration of manganese and calcium sulfite, the reaction rate is dependent on 1.5 order of sulfite concentration, 0.5 order of manganese concentration, and zero order of oxygen concentration in which the oxidation is controlled by chemical kinetics. With concentrations of calcium sulfite and manganese increasing, the reactions are independent gradually on the constituents in solution but are impacted by oxygen concentration. Manganese can accelerate the free-radical reactions, and then enhances the mass transfer of oxygen from gas to liquid. The critical concentration of calcium sulfite is 0.007 mol/L,manganese is 10^-4 mol/L, and oxygen is of 0.2-0.4 atm.     

密闭空间有害气体的吸附工艺研究

吸附技术是密闭空间比较普遍的净化方法,而制约其净化效果的是吸附剂的发展。为了提高吸附技术的吸附效果,研制了一种新型的吸附材料,实验证明这种吸附材料能够有效的去除密闭空间中的多种有害气体。对于CO2、H2S、NH3以及NO2的消除率均达到了82.2%以上。同时在湿度较大的情况下也能很好的捕集空气中的粉尘。吸附材料实现了工业化的制备,可以在地下工程或其他密闭环境中得到推广应用。     

廉价吸附剂处理重金属离子废水的研究进展

随着现代工业的迅速发展,生产过程中排出的有害重金属离子废水日益增加.寻找较为廉价的废水净化材料,对其中有害重金属离子的有效处理已成为环境保护中亟待解决的问题.廉价吸附剂的使用取代了目前成本较高的从溶液中回收重金属离子的方法,同时吸附剂改性会大大提高其吸附量.阐述了壳聚糖、海泡石、膨润土、海藻和泥炭等结构组成、吸附和离子交换性能等,报道廉价吸附剂对一些重金属离子的最大吸附量是:796 mg Pb/g壳聚糖,1123 mg Hg/g壳聚糖,92 mg Cr(Ⅲ)/g壳聚糖,76 mg Cr(Ⅲ)/g泥炭,41 mg Pb/g膨润土,558 mg Cd/g壳聚糖,215 mg Cd/g海藻.由此展现了廉价吸附剂在重金属离子废水处理过程中的巨大优势和良好的发展前景.     

Fe_2O_3和K_2CO_3对钙基添加剂脱硫脱硝的影响

在研究焦炭燃烧过程中使用钙基添加剂固硫的基础上,探讨了Fe_2O_3或K_2CO_3对CaO脱硫脱硝的影响。实验结果表明:添加剂的种类对焦炭燃烧过程中排放的SO_2和NO的浓度及总量均有一定的影响;加入Fe_2O_3或K_2CO_3替代部分CaO后,焦炭燃烧过程中排放的SO_2和NO比单独加入CaO时均有所下降;向焦炭中分别混合3.0%(w)CaO),1.5%(w)CaO+1.5%(w)Fe_2O_3,1.5%(w)CaO+1.5%(w)K_2CO_3的添加剂时,焦炭的SO_2排放总量分别降低了69.93%,75.98%,79.98%,NO排放总量分别降低了64.38%,79.73%,84.14%;加入Fe_2O_3或K_2CO_3后,钙基添加剂的表面性质发生了变化,同时增加了反应的活性中心数,因而复合添加剂能更有效地进行脱硫脱硝。     

一种新型复合除砷材料的制备及其性能

将锆的水合氧化物固载于大孔螯合树脂D401上制备出一种新型除砷材料,并研究了不同实验条件下复合吸附剂D401-Zr对水溶液中As(V)的吸附性能。研究结果表明,在pH<5.2时D401-Zr对As(V)都具有较强的吸附性能;其吸附等温线与Langmuir吸附模型具有较高的吻合度;吸附动力学研究表明,D401-Zr对砷的吸附均遵循二级动力学方程;竞争吸附实验表明,与SO24-、Cl-共存时,D401-Zr对砷的去除率大于90%,而与PO34-、F-竞争离子共存时,其去除率明显下降。     

可生物降解吸油材料发展现状与研究进展

综述了近年来国内外可生物降解吸油材料的发展情况，探讨了其相关的降解机理及目前可生物解吸油材料发展中仍存在的一些问题，并指出可生物降解吸油材料将具有广阔的应用前景。