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111.
112.
华北山区温度推算模式和应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用华北山区气象站观测的温度与其所在纬度、经度和高度,分山区建立宏观地面气温场方程。采用1:20万地形图,以10'经、纬度为步长,判读其高度值,代入已建立好的方程中,经地形项订正,推算华北山区年、月平均温度、年较差和ΣT'≥10℃,其精度达极显著水平。计算结果使我们对华北山区热量资源有了新的认识,最后求算华北山区的主要水果最优品质种植上限高度。 相似文献
113.
Báez AP Torres Mdel C García RM Padilla HG 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2002,9(4):230-233
A great number of studies on the ambient levels of formaldehyde and other carbonyls in the urban rural and maritime atmospheres have been published because of their chemical and toxicological characteristics, and adverse health effects. Due to their toxicological effects, it was considered necessary to measure these compounds at different sites in the metropolitan area of Mexico City, and to calculate the total rate of photolytic constants and the photolytic lifetime of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Four sites were chosen. Sampling was carried out at different seasons and atmospheric conditions. The results indicated that formaldehyde was the most abundant carbonyl, followed by acetone and acetaldehyde. Data sets obtained from the 4 sites were chosen to calculate the total rate of photolysis and the photolytic lifetime for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Maximum photolytic rate values were obtained at the maximum actinic fluxes, as was to be expected. 相似文献
114.
A new method of introducing the free-surface effects in the calculation of turbulent open-channel flows using the amplitude of the free-surface fluctuation is proposed along with a modeling method of the equation for the free-surface fluctuation. It can be incorporated in two-equation models like k-or k-type models by introducing the damping factor to represent the interaction of the eddies with the fluctuating free-surface. Test calculations for fully developed flows and those over backward-facing step indicate good agreement with direct numerical simulation results as well as experimental results. 相似文献
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郭斌 《安全.健康和环境》2003,3(1):11-13
介绍了立式金属油罐容积编表计算机自动查询与计算系统的设计思想,查询计算原理,功能及实现,程序的编制及调试,应用及测试等,该系统的建立旨在克服人工查询与计算方法的计算繁琐,费时,易出差错的缺点,达到了本质安全。 相似文献
117.
以上海市餐饮企业为例,研究了餐饮企业PM_(2.5)排放特征以及排放测算方法.按照单位灶头、单位时间、单位就餐人次这3种计算基准,获得了不同类型餐饮企业PM_(2.5)的排放因子,并在此基础上结合2014年上海市餐饮企业活动水平测算了PM_(2.5)的排放清单.结果表明,餐饮企业排放PM_(2.5)的浓度范围0.1~1.8 mg·m~(-3),甚至超过国家饮食业标准中关于油烟1mg·m~(-3)的排放限值;PM_(2.5)中OC质量贡献超过50%,OC/EC比值的变化范围为58.8~752.3,平均值为128.4,可作为餐饮排放的示踪特征.企业规模是影响餐饮企业PM_(2.5)排放因子的重要因素.按照灶头活动、餐饮作业时间以及就餐人次这3种方法计算得出的餐饮企业PM_(2.5)排放因子均表明,大型、中型企业明显高于小型和微型企业(食堂、快餐).基于上述3种排放因子,计算2014年上海PM_(2.5)排放量相对一致,表明本研究获得基于3种活动水平的排放因子比较可靠,未来可应用于其他城市餐饮企业排放清单的核算. 相似文献
118.
通过分析多承载索货运索道工作索的空间位置关系,在弹性悬链线计算方法的基础上,建立包括索道结构守恒方程和力平衡方程的非线性方程组,形成多承载索货运索道系统整体耦合计算方法。针对四承载索货运索道的典型设计工况,应用该方法完成承载索长度不一致情况下,货运索道的承载索张力变化分析。研究结果表明:多承载索货运索道承载索间的张力不平衡受索长偏差影响极大,而且不平衡效应与索长变化工况(索长偏差变化量、变化索的位置等)和载荷重量密切相关,多索索长不一致造成的张力不平衡使得承载索破断风险急剧增加。 相似文献
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《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(4):423-433
Decomposition of the polycation Al13O4(OH)24(H2O)127+ (Al13) promoted by ligand is a vital subject to advance our understanding of natural and artificial occurrence and evolution of aluminum ions, especially in the case of acidic condition that dissolved Al3+ species can be released from the Al-bearing substances. However, the microscopic pathway of synchronous proton-promoted and ligand-promoted decomposition process for Al13 is still in the status of ambiguity. Herein, we applied differential mass spectrometry method and DFT calculation to study the initial detailed process of Al13 decomposition under the presence of proton and salicylic acid (H2Sal). Mass results showed that the mononuclear Al3+-H2Sal complexes dominated the resulting Al species, whereas the monodentate complex Al13HSal6+ was not observed in the spectra. The difference of decomposition levels between the ligand/Al ratio 0.2 and 0.5 cases revealed that proton and ligand performed synergistic effect in initial Al13 decomposition process, and the proton transfer determined the ring closure efficiency. The ring closure reaction is the prerequisite for the collapse of Al13 structure and detachment of the mononuclear complex. DFT calculations reveal that hydrogen bond plays an important role in inducing the formation of chelated complex accompanying proton transfer. Attachment of protons at the bridging OH− can elongate and weaken the critical bond between targeted Al3+ and µ4-O2- resulting from delocalization of electron pairs in the oxygen atom. These results demonstrate the detailed mechanism of Al13 composition promoted by ligand and proton, and provide significant understanding for further application and control of Al13. 相似文献