水污染分析校准用汞溶液的研制

研制了水污染分析校准用汞溶液。采用原子荧光光谱法对样品进行了均匀性和稳定性检验,对样品的量值进行了验证并进行了不确定度评定。检验结果表明:汞溶液均匀性良好,室温条件下可稳定36个月以上;样品的标准值为100 mg/L,扩展不确定度为2 mg/L。样品量值与美国AccuStandard公司同种标准物质具有一致性。可用于水中汞检测的测定标准、质量控制、分析方法研究以及实验室能力验证等方面。     

二氧化钛薄膜光催化性能的影响因素及提高途径

TiO2薄膜光催化技术有广阔的应用前景,在国内外得到了广泛的研究。介绍了TiO2薄膜光催化降解的研究现状,指出了影响薄膜光催化性能的若干因素和提高薄膜光催化效率的相应手段。另外,对金属复合、半导体复合对TiO2薄膜光催化性能的影响和可见光催化的研究现状进行了评述。     

秸杆燃烧中OCS的排放因子和排放估算

建立了痕量羰基硫采样及分析方法。利用低温预捕集和被捕集样直接释放进入分离柱技术,对压缩空气进行采样测定。得出了压缩空气中ＯＣＳ约在２．９４×１０＾－３μｇ／Ｌ,方法精确度以标准误差系数计为±０．７２％,利用此采样及分析方法对实验室规模的生物质封闭燃烧系统,稻草、玉米秸、科杆燃烧中排痕量ＯＣＳ进行了采样分析,得出稻草、玉米秸麦杆燃烧排气中ＯＣＳ的排放量,以排放因子表示分别是：１．８０ｇ／ｔ,２．７５     

Addressing data challenges in riverine nutrient load modeling of an intensively managed agro-industrial watershed

Data limitations often challenge the reliability of water quality models, especially in intensively managed watersheds. While numerous studies report successful hydrological model setup and calibration, few have addressed in detail the data challenges for multisite and multivariable model calibration to an intensively managed watershed. In this study, we address some of these challenges based on our reflective experience calibrating the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to the Upper Sangamon River Watershed in central Illinois based on daily flow, annual crop yield, and monthly sediment, nitrate, and total phosphorus loads. We highlight some challenges in SWAT calibration processes due to data errors and inconsistencies, and insufficient precipitation and water quality observations. Following, we demonstrate the merits of additional weather and water quality observations that could help reduce input uncertainties, and we provide suggestions for selecting appropriate observations for the model calibration. After dealing with the data issues, we show that the SWAT model could be calibrated with acceptable results for the case study watershed.     

基于Newmark模型的地震诱发滑坡易发性分析方法的研究

以芦山地震诱发滑坡数据为研究对象,开展Newmark模型在区域性地震诱发滑坡空间易发性分析中的应用研究.首先采用网格形式进行数据处理,完成地形坡度、地震参数等数据的统一化,重点利用地层岩性数据对Newmark模型内参数开展区域定量化赋值,在此基础上根据Newmark模型及地震参数相关公式分别计算了安全系数、临界加速度和...     

Calibration and Validation of Far Field Dilution Models for Outfall at Worli, Mumbai

The city of Mumbai, India with a population of 15 million discharges about 2225 MLD of domestic wastewater after partial treatment to adjoining marine water body. Under the Mumbai Sewage Disposal Project Scheme, sewage is being disposed to the west coast at Worli and Bandra through 3.4 kms long submarine outfalls. A field study was conducted at recently commissioned outfall diffuser location at Worli, at the onset of neap flood tide to study the dispersion patterns and measure the far field dilutions using radio and dye tracers. Estimated dilutions using different tracers were compared with outputs from an empirical model (Brooks) and a 2D numerical model (DIVAST). Validation using parameters such as BOD and FC, indicated a good match for BOD in near field compared to FC. The radiotracer ⁸²Br and Rhodamine WT generally gave good correlation with Brooks' and DIVAST models for nearfield, however at further distances predictions were not accurate.     

Heavy Metals Content in N. OleanderLeaves As Urban Pollution Assessment

Nerium oleanderL. (Oleander) leaves grown in Palermo city (Sicily, Italy) were collected from six sampling sites representing either areas of high traff{i}c and urbanisation density or areas far away from traffic (e.g. city gardens). Concentration of Al, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mg, Mn, and Zn were determined in leaf samples during two years. Multivariate analysis classified the sampling sites in four groups based on the metal content in vegetal leaves in agreement with traffic and human activity site. Many elements studied (Al, Ba, Fe, Mn Mg) arise from the soil composition and others such as Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn as pollutant of the soil. On the other hand, about 30% of Al, Fe Cr, Cu and Pb originate from aerial deposition on leaves. Although the results presented should be handled with caution N. oleandercan be considered as a means of assessing dust contamination in the urban environment.     

Distribution and Statistical Analysis of Leachable and Total Heavy Metals in the Sediments of the Suez Gulf

The concentrations of nine heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pd and Zn) in the labile and total fractions of muddy and sandy sediment samples collected from twelve sites in Suez Gulf during April 1999 were studied to evaluate the pollution status of the Suez Gulf. The enrichment factors (EF) for each element were calculated. There are extremely high concentrations of Cd, Ni, Pb and slightly concentration of Cr and Cu in both muddy and sandy sediments. The concentration of Zn was moderately high and can be considered as seriously contaminate Metal pollution index (MPI) shows high values ranged between 46 to 156 and 40 to 232 for both sandy and muddy sediments, respectively. Concentrations of heavy metals were normalized against iron for total fraction in both of sandy and muddy sediments. Principal component analysis (PCA) was studied on the data matrix obtained and represented three-factor model explaining 92.22% for labile and 88.82% for total fractions of muddy sediment. The main source of contamination is the offshore oil fields and industrial wastes. This is largely a result of ineffective and inefficient operation equipment, illegal discharge of dirty ballast water from tankers and lack of supervision and prosecution of offenders.     

我国工业SO2排放趋势及影响因素分析

分析了我国工业SO2排放量的变化趋势,以及其与GDP、工业产值、火电厂发电量等指标的变化关系;利用50个省市1998—2007年的有关数据建立了SO2排放量的影响因素面板数据模型,力求通过定量分析识别影响我国工业SO2排放量的关键因素。研究表明,我国工业SO2排放量与第二产业比重、火力发电比重并无明显关系,而GDP、发电量、一次能源转化效率、SO2去除率存在显著关系,对SO2工业实际排放量起决定作用的是SO2的去除率。     

Nitrous oxide emissions from an intensively managed greenhouse vegetable cropping system in Northern China

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from a typical greenhouse vegetable system in Northern China were measured from February 2004 to January 2006 using a close chamber method. Four nitrogen management levels (NN, MN, CN, and SN) were used. N₂O emissions occurred intermittently in the growing season, strongly correlating with N fertilization and irrigation. No peak emissions were observed after fertilization in the late Autumn season due to low soil temperature. 57-94% of the seasonal N₂O emissions came from the initial growth stage, corresponding to the rewetting process in the soil. The annual N₂O emissions ranged from 2.6 to 8.8 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, accounting for 0.27-0.30% of the annual nitrogen input. Compared with conventional N management, site-specific N management reduced N fertilization rate by 69% in 2004 and by 76% in 2005, and consequently reduced N₂O emissions by 51% in 2004 and 27% in 2005, respectively.