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891.
重庆城区不同粒径颗粒物元素组分研究及来源识别 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
为研究重庆市大气颗粒物的污染特征及其来源,于2010年3—10月在主城区分别采集PM1.0、PM2.5和PM103种粒径的颗粒物样品,利用XRF分析其中的26种元素浓度。结果表明,重庆市主城区S元素在各粒径中含量都较高,细粒子中K的含量较高,粗粒子中Si、Ca和Fe的浓度较大。富集因子分析表明,主城区Cd、S、Se等污染元素的富集系数较大,且粒径越小,富集现象越明显。利用因子分析得出土壤风沙、扬尘、燃煤的燃烧、机动车燃油产生的尾气排放、生物质燃烧排放是重庆市颗粒物污染的主要来源。 相似文献
892.
贵阳室内氡时空分布特征研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了全面分析室内氡的时空分布特征、来源和影响因素,选择了贵阳市不同地理位置的居民住宅、办公场所和公共场所,进行了为期一年的室内氡监测。贵阳市室内氡的平均浓度为(72.7±1.6)Bq/m3,低于室内空气污染国家标准,达标率98.5%。其中居民住宅、办公场所和公共场所的室内氡浓度分别为(93.46±86.93)、(74.68±40.74)、(61±26.93)Bq/m3。研究表明,室内涂料、装修程度和通风效果、小区环境等对室内氡浓度高低有显著影响,室内氡也随季节变化而发生波动。对于居民住宅和公共场所氡的室内外来源相对重要性不同。居民住宅内新楼和旧楼不同楼层室内氡的来源、影响因素和分布特征有显著差异。 相似文献
893.
Every mine in India has to obtain environmental clearance fromthe Govt. Air pollution is one of the most important parametersto be considered in preparing an EIA. However, there is no welldefined method for predicting thr air pollution impact due tomining. Increasing trend of opencast (O/C) mining leads toproduction of huge quantities of dust. Emission factor data havebeen utilised to quantify the generation of dust. The projectunder study is one of the largest opencast project (OCP) forcoking coal. The main sources of air pollution have beenidentified. The rate of emission per unit of a given activityknown as an emission factor has been utilised, taking localfactors into account. It has been estimated that due to topsoilremoval, overburden (O/B) removal, extraction of coal, sizereduction generated 7.8 t of dust per day. Wind erosiongenerated 1.6 t of dust per day and the whole operationproduced dust which accounted for 9.4 mt/day. They cause airpollution in the work zone and surrouding locations. Themethodology adopted may be used to quantify generation for otherprojects also. 相似文献
894.
Jaroslav Mohapl 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2000,61(3):407-417
Though measurement instruments and methods have their natural precision limits, long term monitoring, which is so importantfor environmental studies, requires to set up and maintaincertain standards regarding precision. The elementaryrequirement is to produce measurements with a prescribed numberof valid digits. If the technology further develops and allowsto increase the number of valid digits, the change should bedocumented. In this paper we discuss a simple procedure for validity assessment of the last digits of data in a data base.It may be useful for both calibration control of an instrumentas well as for preliminary data analysis in scientific studies.The procedure utilizes the assumption that, under normalconditions, the last digits of the observed data can usually beconsidered as uniformly distributed random numbers. Failures ordeliberate changes in the observation mechanism can be detectedif particular digits occur more frequently than the others. Thedecision about proper representations of the last digits is doneby means of the familiar chi-square statistics. 相似文献
895.
A. Joyce J. Adamson B. Huntley T. Parr R. Baxter 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2001,68(2):127-136
Daily mean, maximum and minimum surface airtemperature data were gathered from a network ofautomatic weather stations (AWS) within the Moor HouseNational Nature Reserve in northern England. Five AWSwere installed next to the official EnvironmentalChange Network weather station at Moor House. Datawere compared graphically and correction constantswere calculated to adjust data from each AWS to thestandard of the official station by optimising theconcordance correlation coefficient. Each correctedstation was re-located next to one of five in-situstations in and around the reserve, allowingcorrection of all temperature sensors to a commonstandard. The mean error associated with measureddaily mean, maximum and minimum temperature for eachsensor does not exceed ±0.2 K. The procedurequantifies a source of systematic measurement error,improving the identification of spatial temperaturedifferences between stations. 相似文献
896.
897.
898.
899.
Impact of poor solid waste management on ground water 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Eight sediment cores recovered from Tamaki Estuary were analysed for Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd using downward cored sub-samples.
The results indicate a significant upward enrichment in heavy metals with the highest concentrations found in the uppermost
0–10 cm layer. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in marine sediments requires knowledge of pre-anthropogenic metal concentrations
to act as a reference against which measured values can be compared. Pristine values for the cored sediments were determined
from flat “base-line” metal trends evident in lower core samples. Various methods for calculating metal enrichment and contamination
factors are reviewed in detail and a modified and more robust version of the procedure for calculating the degree of contamination
is proposed. The revised procedure allows the incorporation of a flexible range of pollutants, including various organic species,
and the degree of contamination is expressed as an average ratio rather than an absolute summation number. Comparative data
for normalized enrichment factors and the modified degree of contamination show that Tamaki Estuary sediments have suffered
significant systematic heavy metal contamination following catchment urbanization. Compared to baseline values the uppermost
sediment layers show four-fold enrichment averaged across eight cores and four analysed metals. 相似文献
900.
浅议现代垃圾填埋场的大气污染及监测分析方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
造成垃圾填埋场大气污染的两大类污染物,其对环境、人体、动植物、器物和材料都有一定的危害,文章针对现代垃圾填埋场的大气环境污染,以硫化氢、氨、甲硫醇等重点大气污染因子为监测对象,结合实践总结了一部分垃圾填埋场的大气污染监测方案,包括布点原则、采样频率和时间、采样方法和分析技术,该监测方案可为现代垃圾填埋场的大气污染监测提供参考. 相似文献