核电厂运行人员可靠性研究中若干问题的分析

对已有人因可靠性分析模型进行归纳总结,结合核电厂运行人员可靠性研究实际,对人因分类、人因建模、数据采样及人因数据库完善等方面存在的问题进行分析,并提出可能的解决办法或研究方向:在人因分类方式上,要加强因素之间的细化程度,以降低评价的模糊性;在人因量化方面,要重点考虑其所依赖的HRA模型、数学依据、结果精确度等3个方面的影响;对待数据采集的问题,规范性数据采集平台的构建是确保数据一致性的关键措施,并有利于不同HRA模型之间接口相容性问题的解决;人因数据库管理系统的智能决策功能是研发设计的趋势。     

The Political Import of Intrinsic Objections to Genetically Engineered Food

Many people object to genetically engineerehd (GE) food because they believe that it is unnatural or that its creation amounts to playing God. These objections are often referred to as intrinsic objections, and they have been widely criticized in the agricultural bioethics literature as being unsound, incompatible with modern science, religious, inchoate, and based on emotion instead of reason. Many of their critics also argue that even if these objections did have some merit as ethicalobjections, their quasi-religious nature means that they are entirely irrelevant when interpreted aspolitical objections regarding what public policy ought to be. In this paper, we argue that this widespread view is false. Intrinsic objections have much more political import than has previously been recognized, and indeed the requirements of political liberalism and its associated idea of liberal neutrality, once properly understood, protect intrinsic objections from many of the most common objections. That is, policy-makers may not legitimately base public policy on grounds that are inconsistent with intrinsic objections, even when they believe those objections to be flawed in the ways mentioned above. This means that in the context of a political debate about GE food, the discussion should not center on the substantive merits of the intrinsic objections themselves but rather on the appropriate political norms for achieving democratically legitimate policy on issues that touch people’s deepest religious and moral beliefs.     

基于贝叶斯网络的人因可靠性评价

提出一种贝叶斯网络的人因可靠性评价(HRABN)方法,其中的每个因子对应于贝叶斯网络中的节点,该方法可对人因可靠性作定量分析和定性分析。在定性分析上,节点的因果关系(HRA中的因子关系)及需要改进的薄弱节点都直观地显示在层次图中;在定量分析方面,对节点因子后验概率的推断通过HRA中的先验信息(包含仿真数据、现场操作及专家知识等)和最新信息得到。如果人因可靠性贝叶斯网络中的每个节点的先验概率分布和后验概率分布都已知,模型的可信性就可通过贝叶斯因子进行定量验证。贝叶斯网络扩展性好,当有新的节点因子需要考虑时,只需要补充对应的节点;笔者的方法也能很好地应用在不同行业的HRA。     

围岩散热计算及壁面水分蒸发的处理

笔者采用湿度系数法对壁面水分蒸发进行了处理,对计算壁面处饱和空气含湿量的方法进行了改进,将饱和空气含湿量与温度的关系拟合为二次曲线;建立了在考虑壁面水分蒸发情况下解算巷道围岩温度场分布及围岩向风流的散热量的数学方程,并采用异步长有限差分法对其进行了数值模拟求解;解算出巷道壁面水分蒸发情况下围岩温度分布、壁面温度和围岩散热量的变化规律;并与将饱和空气含湿量与温度的关系拟合为线型关系曲线时的解算结果进行了对比,将饱和空气含湿量和温度之间的关系拟合为线性的计算结果存在一定的误差,通风时间越长,湿度系数越大,风流相对湿度越小,拟合为线性时计算出来的壁面温度和围岩散热量的误差越大。     

小波分解在空气污染指数分析中的应用

本文利用Mallat分解在不同时频域的多分辩分析能力，以可吸入颗粒物污染指数为例，将其分解到不同的频域中进行分析，通过实际应用证明其效果良好。将Mallat法应用于上海市城区全年可吸入颗粒物、SO2、NO2等污染物的分析研究当中，发现秋冬两季煤、油等燃料的不完全燃烧对颗粒物浓度的增加影响最大，而汽车尾气对后两者浓度增加的影响也较大。     

太湖流域水资源综合规划数模研究--水质模型的建立与率定

太湖流域水资源综合规划数模研究建立了一个覆盖全流域的，包括污染负荷模型、河网湖泊相耦合的水量水质模型的数字流域系统。该系统实现了流域的耦合求解，已在流域水资源规划中发挥了重要的作用。本文建宴了流域水质模型，并在水量模型率定的基础上进行了水质模型的率定。率定结果与实测数据吻合较好，相对误差多在30％之内，一定程度上反映了太湖流域的水质概况。     

低温对棉花纤维品质影响模型的研究

基于多个试验结果，论述了纤维长度与品种特性和气象生态因子的关系，认为棉纤维长度主要决定于品种特性，但也受气象生态因子的影响。基于以上结论，提出了体现品种遗传特性的分果节位的棉纤维长度的模型，和日最低温度和夜均温对纤维长度影响的修正模型。由这两个模型组成的拟合纤维长度的综合模型既强调了品种特性对纤维长度的决定作用，又体现了气象生态因子对纤维长度的影响作用。相应的模拟值与观测值比较表明，该模型具有较好的预测性。     

A cross-validation of safety climate scale using confirmatory factor analytic approach

PROBLEM: Given the lack of a consistent factor structure of safety climate, this study tested the stability of a factor structure of a safety climate scale developed through an extensive literature review using confirmatory factor analytic approach and cross-validation. METHODS: A cross-sectional sample of 722 U.S. grain industry workers participated in the questionnaire survey. RESULTS: The safety climate scale developed through the generation of an item pool based on a table of specifications, subsequent scientific item reduction procedures, reviews from experts, and pilot test yielded adequate reliabilities for each dimension. Each item showed proper discriminative power based on both internal and external criteria. Criterion validity was manifested by the significant positive correlation of the scale with five criteria. Evidence of construct validity was provided by both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Both calibration and validation samples supported a consistent factor structure. Management commitment and supervisor support were found to influence other dimensions of safety climate. DISCUSSION: This study provides an insight into the primary reason why previous attempts have failed to find a consistent factor structure of safety climate: No specification of the influence of management commitment and supervisor support on other dimensions of safety in their models. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The findings of this study provide a framework upon which accident prevention efforts can be effectively organized and underscore the importance of management commitment and supervisor support as they affect employee safety perceptions.     

速度场系数在烟气流速测定中的应用与研究

烟气流速测定是气态污染源排放总量监测的重要内容,关键问题是如何将连续监测系统的固定点烟气流速转化为监测断面的平均烟气流速。通过用参比方法对连续监测系统流速测定值进行校准,求出该监测断面的速度场系数。通过对两套连续监测系统的校准全过程的研究,证明速度场系数为一基本稳定值,经一段时间复验后其变化仍在容许范围之内,可用其对连续监测系统进行流速校准。      

不锈钢板卷生产过程中的危险因素及对策

根据国内的不锈钢板卷生产工艺状况 ,分析并指出了生产过程中可能出现的危险和有害因素 ,同时对生产性粉尘、噪声和高温进行了劳动条件分级 ,从而提出了相应的对策。