采油污水中聚丙烯酰胺的去除方法

采用实验室合成的絮凝剂和助凝剂,对聚合物驱采油污水进行了聚丙烯酰胺絮凝实验。通过絮凝效果的比较,筛选出两种絮凝效果较好的絮凝剂XN-Ⅲ和XN-Ⅳ。实验确定了絮凝剂的最佳加入量、沉降时间、pH值和温度条件。在此基础上,对采油污水中聚丙烯酰胺的不同去除方法进行了比较,得到最优去除方法,为现场采油污水中聚丙烯酰胺的脱除提供了依据。     

Recovery of foundry sands and iron fractions from an industrial waste landfill

This study was performed to analyse the technical and economical feasibility of a project concerning the recovery of foundry wastes from a landfill. In such a context, an evaluation of the total amount of residues that could be recovered was performed by using the physical chemical characterization of landfilled wastes: molding and core sands, furnace dusts, finishing dusts, muds, calcium hydroxide and refractory slags. Field tests were realized employing both geophysical methods both the digging of trenches.Two cells of the landfill were investigated by means of geophysical methods using magnetic and electromagnetic techniques. The physical and chemical characterization of wastes was employed in order to determine the best geophysical methods to locate the useful fractions of wastes in landfill and to establish the occurring treatment cycle for the recovery of useful fractions.A cost–benefit analysis was performed to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed landfill mining operation.     

Processing National CO2 Inventory Emissions Data and their Total Uncertainty Estimates

The uncertainty of reported greenhouse gases emission inventories obtained by the aggregation of partial emissions from all sources and estimated to date for several countries is very high in comparison with the countries’ emissions limitation and reduction commitments under the Kyoto Protocol. Independent calculation of the estimates could confirm or question the undertainty estimates values obtained thus far. One of the aims of this paper is to propose statistical signal processing methods to enable calculation of the inventory variances. The annual reported emissions are used and temporal smoothness of the emissions curve is assumed. The methods considered are: a spline-function-smoothing procedure; a time-varying parameter model; and the geometric Brownian motion model. These are validated on historical observations of the CO₂ emissions from fossil fuel combustion. The estimates of variances obtained are in a similar range to those obtained from national inventories using TIER1 or TIER2. Additionally, some regularities in the observed curves were noticed.     

HYDROLOGIC SIMULATION OF THE LITTLE WASHITA RIVER EXPERIMENTAL WATERSHED USING SWAT1

ABSTRACT: Precipitation and streamflow data from three nested subwatersheds within the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed (LWREW) in southwestern Oklahoma were used to evaluate the capabilities of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to predict streamflow under varying climatic conditions. Eight years of precipitation and streamflow data were used to calibrate parameters in the model, and 15 years of data were used for model validation. SWAT was calibrated on the smallest and largest sub‐watersheds for a wetter than average period of record. The model was then validated on a third subwatershed for a range in climatic conditions that included dry, average, and wet periods. Calibration of the model involved a multistep approach. A preliminary calibration was conducted to estimate model parameters so that measured versus simulated yearly and monthly runoff were in agreement for the respective calibration periods. Model parameters were then fine tuned based on a visual inspection of daily hydrographs and flow frequency curves. Calibration on a daily basis resulted in higher baseflows and lower peak runoff rates than were obtained in the preliminary calibration. Test results show that once the model was calibrated for wet climatic conditions, it did a good job in predicting streamflow responses over wet, average, and dry climatic conditions selected for model validation. Monthly coefficients of efficiencies were 0.65, 0.86, and 0.45 for the dry, average, and wet validation periods, respectively. Results of this investigation indicate that once calibrated, SWAT is capable of providing adequate simulations for hydrologic investigations related to the impact of climate variations on water resources of the LWREW.     

试论酸度计在pH测定中的定位问题

本文阐述了酸度计在测定ｐＨ时温度补偿的原理,分析了错误定位的原因,指出了正确的定位方法     

TUD模型在内蒙古地区某污水处理厂适用性研究

TUD模型应用于内蒙古呼和浩特市某污水处理厂运行实践模拟预测。首先利用TUD模型及其缺省参数进行初步模拟试预测,发现模拟预测出水COD、PO34-、SS与实际检测数据基本吻合,但对氮的预测略有偏差。采用标准参数校正方法,对模型中氮的个别组分参数（iNSF、iNXS）和硝化细菌半饱和动力学参数（KNH4）进行修正,即,i...     

化纤污水场污泥膨胀原因分析与控制

针对传统活性污泥法处理化工化纤污水时,生化部分长期存在污泥膨胀现象,从生物相、冲击负荷、进水水质、营养比等多方面分析诱发污泥膨胀的多种因素,并总结归纳了控制污泥膨胀的有效方法。     

污泥膨胀产生的原因及主要控制措施

活性污泥污水处理工艺被广泛应用于生活污水和工业废水的处理,但在该工艺中经常存在污泥膨胀的问题.污泥膨胀一旦发生,系统较难恢复且恢复时间较长.在实际运行中,引起污泥膨胀的因素是多种多样的,其控制措施也不尽相同,因此找出污泥膨胀的真正原因,然后采取有效的控制措施非常有意义.     

浅谈室内环境污染问题

介绍中国室内环境污染问题的现状、治理室内环境污染的法律依据和室内空气质量标准,阐述了室内环境中的主要污染物(甲醛、苯、挥发性有机化合物等)对人体健康产生的危害,分析了室内环境污染物的主要来源,并从增强人们的环保意识、防止室内环境污染、正确理解环保产品等方面提出了建议和对策,归纳了室内环境污染后的治理方法和治理效果,其中治理方法包括感觉脱臭法、化学反应法、吸附法和生物法。这对提高人们认识室内环境污染对人体健康的影响以及降低污染所造成的危害具有重要意义。     

关于中国在用汽车排污控制的若干问题--柴油车部分

文章结合《点燃式发动机汽车排气污染物排放限值及测量方法（双怠速法及简易工况法）》（GB18285—2005）修订中的重大问题阐述中国在用汽油车排气烟度控制方面的新要求。主要包括：增加高怠速排污检测、对电喷汽车增加过量空气系数（λ）的限定、新规定了国1以来的在用汽油车双怠速排放限值、双燃料车要对两种燃料分别检测、对简易工况检测法作了规定、制定简易工况检测法排放限值的基本原则和方法、供地方参考的排放限值等。