如何建立公路声屏障产品质量控制体系

笔者通过对国内公路声屏障产品质量的关注,深入剖析产生产品质量问题的内在原因及外部环境。提出建立公路声屏障产品质量控制体系的思路与实施方法,供大家一起探讨和完善。     

Mn-CeOx/Ti-PILCs for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 at low temperature

Titanium-pillared clays (Ti-PILCs) were obtained by different ways from TiCl₄, Ti(OC₃H₇)₄ and TiOSO₄, respectively. Mn-CeO_x/Ti-PILCs were then prepared and their activities of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH₃ at low-temperature were evaluated. Mn-CeO_x/Ti-PILCs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N₂ adsorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia and H₂-temperature-programmed reduction. It was found that Ti-pillar tend to be helpful for the enlargement of surface area, pore volume, acidity and the enhancement of thermal stability for Mn-CeO_x/Ti-PILCs. Mn-CeO_x/Ti-PILCs catalysts were active for the SCR of NO. Among three resultant Mn-CeO_x/Ti-PILCs, the catalyst from TiOSO₄ showed the highest activity with 98% NO conversion at 220℃, it also exhibited good resistance to H₂O and SO₂ in flue gas. The catalyst from TiCl₄ exhibited the lowest activity due to the unsuccessful pillaring process.     

开发区规划环评的基本框架

概括了开发区规划环评的基本原则和理论依据,提出了开发区规划环评的评价思路,总结了开发区规划环评常用评价方法和主要内容,为我国开发区规划环评的开展提供借鉴.     

居民生活消费碳排放估算方法分析比较

对当前国内外居民生活消费碳排放估算方法进行对比,从居民生活消费能源的界定和估算方式的选择2方面入手,分析各种估算方法的优缺点,为我国合理准确的估算居民生活消费碳排放提供参考借鉴。     

地震液化引起地面侧向大变形研究评述

本文对地震液化引起的地面侧向大变形国内外研究现状从试验研究与分析计算方法两方面进行评述,探讨了液化侧向变形需要进一步研究的一些问题。     

活性污泥中微生物菌种的分离筛选及固定化方法研究

采用稀释平板分离法和涂布平板法对活性污泥中的微生物进行了分离筛选,得到六种微生物菌种,对六种菌落形态进行了观察。并对分离筛选出的菌株作简单的固定化研究,以海藻酸钠（浓度2%、CaC l2浓度为4%~5%）为包埋载体时最易操作,效果很好。     

Predicting the variation in detection function in line transect sampling through random parameter model

A method for calibrating (localizing) detection function models in line transect sampling is proposed. The method is based on a random parameter model which supplies localized predictions of detection function parameters utilizing a few sample data points from the concerned location(s). The method has the clear advantage of being able to provide density estimates based on very few observations from a location which would be impossible through traditional methods. The method is successfully illustrated using census data on sambar (Cervus unicolor) from a set of wildlife sanctuaries in Kerala, India. The need for further research in this direction is indicated.     

Using data augmentation via the Gibbs Sampler to incorporate missing covariate structure in linear models for ecological assessments

Missing covariate values in linear regression models can be an important problem facing environmental researchers. Existing missing value treatment methods such as Multiple Imputation (MI), the EM algorithm and Data Augmentation (DA) have the assumption that both observed and unobserved data come from the same distribution, most commonly a multivariate normal or a conditionally multivariate normal family. These methods do try to incorporate the missing data mechanism and rely on the assumption of Missing At Random (MAR). We present a DA method which does not rely on the MAR assumption and can model missing data mechanisms and covariate structure. This method utilizes the Gibbs Sampler as a tool for incorporating these structures and mechanisms. We apply this method to an ecological data set that relates fish condition to environmental variables. Notice that the presented DA method detects relationships that are not detected when other missing data methods are employed.

北京市农田生产的负外部效应价值评价

将京郊农田生产作为一项经济活动,采用多种生态、环境经济学的评价方法,评价了北京郊区农田生产的负外部效应价值.结果表明,2002年因不合理利用所导致的负外部效应价值为1.57亿元,约占当年农业增加值的3.2%,环境总成本平均到耕地面积上约为631.77元/hm².在已定量化的负外部影响中,污灌造成的环境代价大约为888.5元/hm2,约占环境污染总成本的45.1%;滥施氮肥的地下水环境代价为803元/hm²,约占环境污染总成本的42.4%.两者合计占外部负效应总价值的87.5%.     

天然有机质与重金属相互作用的分析方法进展

由于NOM(natural organic matter,天然有机质)种类及来源的多样性及其结构和性质的复杂性,导致NOM与重金属之间的相互作用存在一定的不确定性. 针对NOM与重金属之间相互作用的一系列分析方法,重点阐述了谱学分析有关分析方法、等温滴定微量热法、溶出伏安法、zeta电位变化分析以及高效体积排阻色谱法等,这些方法从NOM的谱学特征、zeta电位、分子量、热力学参数及电化学性质等方面对二者之间的相互作用进行深入研究,取得了一定进展,但也存在不足. 针对各分析方法的特点及其局限性,建议今后联合使用多种方法分析NOM与重金属之间的相互作用机制;通过确定不同影响因素对二者结合作用的大小和权重,建立多因素影响下二者相互作用的模型,以定性、定量分析天然水体中NOM与重金属的相互作用.