基于参与式社区评估法的泾河流域景观管理问题分析

参与式社区评估法既兼顾了景观管理中的地理变量,同时还将社会经济因素纳入了考虑范畴,是深入进行问题分析客观有效的方法之一。本文采用参与式社区评估法,运用问题矩阵和问题树分析,对泾河流域景观管理中存在的问题和利益相关者的认知进行了分析。研究发现,绝大多数利益相关者认为土壤侵蚀已成为第一严重的问题,其次是土地生产力低下、自然灾害、植被破坏等。尽管当地公众已经认识到了土壤侵蚀的严重危害,但在安排土地利用方式时,却很少考虑土壤侵蚀带来的危害,仍然从事着自给自足的粮食生产活动。     

基于知识的洞庭湖湿地遥感分类方法

湿地遥感影像分类是遥感研究的一大难题。分析洞庭湖不同湿地类型在遥感影像上的光谱曲线规律,利用两个季节的洞庭湖ETM数据,并辅助以物候特征和地面GIS信息,通过遥感软件Erdas Image的专家分类知识库建立决策树分类方法,结合研究区的DEM进行洞庭湖湿地的影像分类,通过专家分类器分层次实现了包括水体、泥沙滩地、防护林滩地、湖草、芦苇滩地和苔草滩地以及其他水体7种湿地类型的分类。相比传统分类方法,专家分类过程以规则为基础,可以同时利用多个条件进行分类,减少了数据处理时间,同时还提高了分类精度,最终得到试验区较为可靠的遥感分类图像。     

Seasonal and inter-annual variation of Beryllium-7 deposition in birch-tree leaves and grass in the northeast upland area of the Czech Republic

The activity concentrations of Beryllium-7 (⁷Be), a naturally occurring radioisotope produced in the atmosphere, were measured in leaves of birch-trees, above-ground parts of grass, soil and rainwater in the mountain massive Kralicky Sneznik (the northeast of the Czech Republic, altitude about 750 m) in the years of 2005, 2006 and 2007. Dried and ground samples of the plants and soils, and water samples from wet deposition were used to determine the ⁷Be content using a semiconductor gamma spectrometer. The ⁷Be values ranged from 147.0 to 279.6 Bq kg⁻¹, from 48.7 to 740.8 Bq kg⁻¹, from 2.1 to 8.7 Bq kg⁻¹, and from 0.6 to 1.9 Bq kg⁻¹ in birch-tree leaves, grass samples, soils, and rainwater, respectively. Insignificant inter-annual variations but significant increase in the ⁷Be activity concentrations during the spring and summer months were observed in birch-tree leaves and grass samples. The seasonal variation of the ⁷Be concentrations in grass samples correlated (R² = 0.4663 and 0.6489) with precipitation. No similar correlation was found for ⁷Be in birch-tree leaves. Beryllium-7 content in birch-tree leaves and in aerial parts of grass was mainly caused by direct transport of ⁷Be from wet deposition into aerial parts of the observed plants.     

Cesium-137 contamination of oak (Quercus petrae Liebl.) from sub-mediterranean zone in South Bulgaria

This study focuses on the cesium-137 (¹³⁷Cs) contamination in grass and in different compartments of oak trees growing in ecosystems, located in the zone with sub-mediterranean climate in South Bulgaria, characterized with high summer temperatures, low precipitation and often periods of drought. In 2008, three experimental sites - PP1, PP2, PP3 - were sampled in oak ecosystems from Maleshevska Mountain at 900 m above sea level. Samples from grass species and oak tree leaves, branches with different diameter, wood disks and bark were analyzed for ¹³⁷Cs activity with γ-spectrometry. The soil-to-plant transfer factor (TF) values for ¹³⁷Cs were estimated differentiating different tree compartments. Our findings showed relatively high activity concentrations of ¹³⁷Cs in oak trees even 22 years after the Chernobyl accident. The grass under oak was less contaminated compared with the oak trees. The different organs of oak trees could be distinguished according to the ¹³⁷Cs contamination as follows: bark > branches (d < 1 cm) > leaves > branches (d > 3 cm) > wood. The relatively higher contamination of bark compared with the new-formed biomass suggested that a significant part of ¹³⁷Cs was accumulated as a result of direct adsorption at the time of the main contamination event. The TF values obtained and the presence of ¹³⁷Cs in the branches, leaves and in the wood formed after 1986 confirmed that 22 years after the contamination, the main mechanism of ¹³⁷Cs entrance in tree biomass was the root uptake.     

Physiological Age of Host Plant Foliage and Survival of Gypsy Moth Larvae

The pH of leaf homogenates of common birch (Betula verrucosa L.), a food plant of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) larvae, was measured at different times of day in the course of leaf organogenesis, and midgut pH was measured in gypsy moth larvae phenotypically differing in the color of the hypodermis at the fifth instar. A possible relation between these parameters is discussed.     

Co-Partnership in Forest Management: The Gwira-Banso Joint Forest Management Project in Ghana

The involvement of local communities, as well as the private sector and the government in forest management is now an important principle of tropical forestry policy and practice and a major component of most international forestry aid programmes. This paper present an analysis on the Joint Forest Management Project initiated by two timber companies (Ghana Primewood Products Ltd and Dalhoff Larsen & Horneman) in collaboration with local people in Gwira-Banso of Ghana. Conditions required for enhancing responsibility for and commitment to local forest management, and for an effective local participatory process were also analysed. The study began with the premise that incentives and good communication will enhance participation in joint forest management.The assumption was valid and the results from the survey showed that five broad issues prioritised by respondents to be essential for co-partnership in forest management are communication, financial support, tree planting, multiple land use and benefit sharing. The Project enjoys a great deal of support from the local community, but a number of factors make the continued support of local people a challenging task, including questions of immediate livelihood sources and tenure arrangements. Although this participatory forest management has been implemented over a relatively short period, there is evidence that government and private sectors can successfully involve local people in sustainable management of the forests.     

园林树木保健问题的探讨

本文论述了影响树木健康的原因和园林树木保健措施。     

几种海藻表面附着细菌的分离及其gyrB基因序列分析

利用TCBS培养基从三种海藻:孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)、海带苗(Laminaria japonica)和多管藻(Polysiphonia urceolata)表面共分离得到10株细菌.生理生化试验和gyrB基因序列分析结果表明10株细菌都属于弧菌(Vibrio).基于gyrB基因序列构建的系统发生树显示,菌株L5、L6、P7、P8、P10、P11、P12与Vibrio splendidus属于同一分支,序列间相似性为97.5-100%.菌株L4、P9与Vibrio cyclitrophicus属于同一分支,序列间完全一致.菌株U3在系统发生树上独立构成一个分支.本文结果表明不同海藻表面的附着细菌组成也不相同,具有一定的海藻特异性.     

基于分形的图像压缩算法研究

介绍了分形图像压缩理论,传统DCT变换算法和四叉树分形图像压缩算法,改进的分形图像压缩方法,分形与小波相结合的图像压缩算法,彩色图像压缩算法以及对分形图像压缩未来发展的展望.