论我国磷业发展战略

我国磷矿资源丰富,但长期以来缺乏磷业发展战略部署,磷矿山建设缓慢,磷肥供应不足,造成氮、磷、钾施肥比例失调,全国有2/3的耕地缺磷,其中半数严重缺磷,农业上出现了“报酬递减”现象。本文在分析我国磷业发展概况的基础上进行了磷矿与磷肥需求预测,根据我国农业及磷矿资源分布与有关开发建设条件等,提出了我国磷业发展战略与宏观生产布局,论证了发展磷业应立足国内、以国民经济总体部署为准则、建立4个大型综合性磷业基地、以资源型布点为主,辅以混合型、临海型和消费型布点等磷业发展战略中的重大问题,并提出了发展我国TS形双结构磷业网络的思想。     

四川盆地土壤微量元素生态类型研究

本研究从生态学观点出发,根据土壤缺乏微量元素的临界值指标,探究了四川盆地土壤微量元素的生态类型,按其土壤供给有效态微量元素的丰缺程度,将本区土壤微量元素分为五种生态类型:严重缺乏、缺乏、适中、丰富和很丰富。统计结果表明,四川盆地各类土壤的微量元素生态类型特点为:有效硼含量很低,普遍严重缺硼;有效锌含量亦低,近半数土壤缺锌;多数土壤有效锰含量丰富,仅少部分土壤供锰不足;有效铜和铁的含量丰富。     

Citrulline in amniotic fluid and the prenatal diagnosis of citrullinemia

We report relatively high citrulline concentration in amniotic fluid of a citrullinemic fetus suggesting that prenatal detection of this condition could be done on this basis in conjunction with a direct or an indirect determination of argininosuccinate synthetase activity in amniotic fluid cells.     

Technical and theoretical considerations in the HLA typing of amniotic fluid cells for prenatal diagnosis and paternity testing

HLA typing of amniotic fluid cells has been used for the prenatal diagnosis of the HLA linked diseases congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-OH-deficiency (21-OH-def) type) and complement C4 deficiency and it has also been used for the prenatal de termination of paternity. There are, however, technical difficulties in this test associated with the weak expression of some B locus antigens on amniotic fluid cells, and theoretical difficulties related to associations between particular HLA antigens and the 21-OH-def allele. Since certain HLA-B locus antigens are found in significantly increased frequencies among patients with 21-OH-def, there is a relatively high incidence of HLA-B homozygosity among the patients and over 40 percent of the parents of these patients share one or more HLA-B locus antigens. Results of some prenatal HLA typing tests may thus be difficult to interpret, and supplementary tests should be used whenever possible. HLA typing of amniotic cells is, however, the only available procedure for prenatal diagnosis of C4 deficiency and it is the best available procedure for prenatal determination of paternity. A modification of our original procedure allows HLA typing to be performed with increased numbers of HLA typing sera, and sera with optimum reactivity for amniotic fluid cells have now been selected for the definition of most of the more commonly expressed HLA antigens. Although amniotic fluid cells do not express DR antigens, amniotic fluid cells can be typed for the HLA-linked marker glyoxalase I (GLO) and this may be the informative for prenatal diagnosis in some cases.     

Prenatal diagnosis of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency in a family with a previous fatal case of sudden unexpected death in childhood

Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency is a potentially fatal inherited disease with a carrier frequency of approximately 1:100 in most Caucasian populations. The disease is implicated in sudden unexpected death in childhood. A prevalent disease-causing point mutation (A985G) in the MCAD gene has been characterized, thus rendering diagnosis easy in the majority of cases. Since the clinical spectrum of MCAD deficiency ranges from death in the first days of life to an asymptomatic life, there are probably other genetic factors—in addition to MCAD mutations—involved in the expression of the disease. Thus, families who have experienced the death of a child from MCAD deficiency might have an increased risk of a seriously affected subsequent child. In such a family we have therefore performed a prenatal diagnosis on a chorionic villus sample by a highly specific and sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the G985 mutation. The analysis was positive and resulted in abortion. We verified the diagnosis by direct analysis on blood spots and other tissue material from the aborted fetus and from family members.     

Al（Ⅲ）溶液的水解─沉淀特性研究─—磷酸根的作用

采用连续碱滴定方法和Ｘ射线衍射及红外光谱分析，研究了在Ａｌ（Ⅲ）－磷酸根溶液体系中Ａｌ（Ⅲ）的水解－沉淀特性，结果表明，当Ｐ／Ａｌ＞０．０５时，磷酸根对Ａｌ（Ⅲ）的水解－成核－沉淀过程有显的促进作用，描述了磷酸根作用的动力学机理。     

可变电荷表面对磷的吸附与解吸动力学

研究了可变电荷表面为主的土壤对磷的吸附与解吸动力学。结果麦明,磷吸附和解吸动力学均可用修正的Elovich方程、双常数速率方程和分段拟合的抛物线扩散公式来表征。吸附和解吸过程均可分为快、慢两个反应阶段。磷吸附过程是一个扩散控制的不可逆过程.     

Prenatal diagnosis of the hurler syndrome: Report on 40 pregnancies at risk

In 40 pregnancies at risk for the Hurler syndrome 13 affected fetuses were detected by the demonstration of an α-L -iduronidase deficiency and an increased level of ³⁵S-sulphate incorporation. The diagnoses were confirmed by the analysis of fetal tissues and/or cultured fetal skin fibroblasts. Microassays for α-L -iduronidase, using phenyl α-L -iduronide and more recently 4–methyl-umbelliferyl α-L -iduronide, enabled a reliable diagnosis to be made within 15 to 18 days after amniocentesis. ³⁵S-sulphate incorporation has been a valuable adjunct in cases with a low (heterozygote) enzyme activity.     

从废水中回收磷的主要方法和常见工艺

磷污染是引起水体富营养化的重要原因,磷资源紧缺是我们即将面对的事实,同时解决这两方面问题的办法就是必须从含磷废水中回收磷。文章叙述从废水中回收磷的主要方法和原理,并介绍常见工艺流程。     

有机磷酸酯诱导迟发性神经毒性及其对神经毒性酯酶(NTE)活性影响的动态研究

以成年产卵来航母鸡为试验动物，研究了三甲基苯基磷酸酯诱导的迟发性神经毒性。试验发现，母鸡口服ＴＯＣＰ后经过大约８－１０ｄ的潜伏期开始出现中毒症状，其表现为以步态失调为主要特征的运动障碍呈进行性加重，至２１ｄ开始便发展为瘫痪。