光照度对水柱中斜生栅藻生长的影响

为探索在湖库中呈不均匀分布的光照度对藻类生长的影响,在水柱中研究了不同入射光照度和斜生栅藻生物量动态变化之间的关系。结果显示,在稀释率为10%的连续流条件下,当入射光照度低于10000lux,即可获得平均光照度低于2000lux时,斜生栅藻出现负增殖,而在摇瓶试验中,在入射光照度为500lux时,斜生栅藻就表现出正增殖。研究发现采用可获得平均光照度这一指标以更好地描述水柱中藻类可获得光资源量的实际状况,可获得平均光照度和斜生栅藻的稳态生物量之间呈极显著的正相关关系。此外,水体中pH值和磷酸盐浓度的变化也从侧面反映了光照度对藻类生物量的影响。     

锌对磷酸铵镁和磷酸钙结晶回收磷的影响

以模拟废水为对象,研究了pH及Zn2+浓度对磷酸铵镁(MAP)和羟基磷灰石(HAP)法除磷率的影响,并对不同Zn:P摩尔比条件下除磷所得产物进行了XRD物相分析。结果表明,锌磷共存条件下进行MAP和HAP法除磷,当pH在7.4～8.0时,Zn2+浓度越大,除磷率越高,随着pH继续增加,Zn2+浓度越大,除磷率反而越小。当pH为9.5时,Zn2+浓度从0增加到25mg/L时,MAP法的除磷率从91%下降到82%;而HAP法的除磷率从95%下降到92%,受Zn2+浓度影响较MAP法小。锌磷共存条件下的除磷产物中均含有Zn(3PO4)2,随着溶液中Zn:P增加,产物中Zn(3PO4)2含量越来越多,且HAP法除磷产物纯度受Zn2+浓度影响较MAP法大。     

连续流分段进水工艺生物脱氮除磷技术分析及优化控制

连续流分段进水工艺可最大程度利用污水碳源,对低C/N城镇生活污水及工业废水具有深度脱氮除磷特性.详述了连续流分段进水工艺生物脱氮除磷原理和工艺特性,重点分析了段数、流量分配比、各段缺氧区和好氧区容积分配比、溶解氧、污泥回流比、原水水质等对工艺运行性能的影响因素.并结合国内外研究现状和工程应用实例,概述了工艺的过程控制的研究情况和应用前景.开展针对中国污水水质的工艺设计试验研究和相应的工艺过程控制研究是加快分段进水工艺应用于中国污水处理行业的两大技术突破点.     

MUCT-MBR工艺反硝化除磷脱氮研究

自行设计的双反应器MUCT-MBR简化了MUCT工艺,将反应池由5个简化到2个,减小了工艺占地面积,并且采用膜过滤取代二沉池出水,操作简单,出水安全可靠.针对MUCT-MBR工艺脱氮除磷性能,尤其是反硝化除磷功能进行研究.结果表明,当进水C/N/P比在33.3/5/1～25/5.5/1范围内,整个实验过程中COD、 TN和TP平均去除率分别达到89.3%、 75.4%、 79.2%;且膜出水不受污泥沉降性的影响.缺氧段的反硝化吸磷是MUCT-MBR工艺除磷的关键,系统运行至第58 d,系统中反硝化除磷菌（DPAOs）所占比例达84.2%,反硝化除磷占系统总磷去除的67.07%.     

Phosphate removal and recovery through crystallization of hydroxyapatite using xonotlite as seed crystal

Xonotlite was synthesized and tested for phosphate removal and recovery from synthetic solution in a batch mode. The e ects of pH, initial calcium concentration, bicarbonate concentration on phosphate removal through crystallization were examined. The morphology and X-ray di raction (XRD) pattern of xonotlite before and after crystallization confirmed the formation of crystalline hydroxyapatite. The results indicated that the crystallization product had a very high P content (> 10%), which is comparable to phosphate rock at the dosage of 50–200 mg xonotlite per liter, with a maximum P content of 16.7%. The kinetics of phosphate removal followed the second-order reaction equation. The phosphate removal ability increased with increasing pH. The precipitation of calcium phosphate took place when pH was higher than 7.2, whereas the crystallization occurred at pH 6.0. A high calcium concentration could promote the removal of phosphate via crystallization, while a high bicarbonate concentration also enhanced phosphate removal, through that the pH was increased and thus induced the precipitation process. When xonotlite was used to remove phosphate from wastewater, the removal e ciency could reach 91.3% after 24 h reaction, with removal capacity 137 mg/g. The results indicated that xonotlite might be used as an e ective crystal seed for the removal and recovery of phosphate from aqueous solution.     

Tolerance of Physocypria kraepelini （Crustacean, Ostracoda） to water-borne ammonia, phosphate and pH value

This study evaluated the median lethal concentration (LC50) and safe concentration of water-borne ammonia, phosphate and pH value on Physocypria kraepelini, a freshwater Ostracoda with a static renewal test system. The results indicated that the LC50 values of ammonia for P. kraepelini were 1026.71, 859.98, 771.79 and 583.82 mg/L at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h exposure, respectively, and the safe concentration range of ammonia for the long-term survival of P. kraepelini was less than 58.38 mg/L. The safe range of pH value for the survival of P. kraepelini was from 6.59 to 7.61. P. kraepelini has a high tolerance to ammonia, phosphate and pH value which are the main environmental factors in the serious eutrophication water.     

石灰石与石灰联合处理高浓度含磷废水

探讨了石灰石与石灰投加量配比与反应时间对处理高浓度磷废水效果的影响,并通过激光粒径分析等手段重点考察了出水沉降性能及其与传统石灰法的比较。结果表明：对进水pH为4.5的100 mg/L含磷废水,联合处理石灰石和石灰投加量分别为0.030 0 g和0.070 0 g,石灰石和石灰段反应时间均为10 min时,磷的去除率达99%以上且出水的10 min泥水沉降比比传统石灰法降低25%;除磷产物的体积平均粒径与中值粒径（13.58μm、7.71μm）也明显高于传统石灰法（5.73μm、4.81μm）,沉降性能明显提高;联合处理减少了石灰的用量,一方面保证了药剂成本,另一方面降低了出水pH,减少了约25%的回调用酸。     

黄河中下游沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附特征

研究了黄河中下游12个沉积物的临界磷平衡浓度(EPCo),以此判断沉积物是磷"源"还是磷"汇".用修改后的Langmuir 等温吸附模型对吸附实验数据进行了拟合.结果得到最大吸附容量(PAC).Langrnuir吸附平衡常数(k).利用所得拟合参数通过公式计算方法得到EPC0、原有交换态磷(NAP)以及固·液分配系数Kp值并考察了环境因子(pH、离子强度)对吸附作用的影响·沉积物的EPCo均大于上覆水体中的磷浓度,沉积物有向上覆水体释放磷的能力.吸附容量与总有机碳(TOC)含量有较好的正相关关系.pH<6.0,沉积物释放磷并且随着pH增大吸附量增加很快;69.7.吸附量略有增高.随着Ca2 离子强度的增加,沉积物对磷的吸附量减小.     

水合氧化铁对废水中磷酸根的吸附-解吸性能研究

以FeCl₃为原料制备水合氧化铁吸附剂,研究其对废水中磷酸根的吸附-解吸性能.结果表明,随着溶液pH的降低,水合氧化铁对磷酸根的吸附能力不断提高,其吸附动力学曲线符合二级动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附模型.被吸附的磷酸根在50 g/L的NaOH溶液中进行解吸,解吸率>98%.解吸率与单位水合氧化铁的吸附饱和程度没有相关性.利用水合氧化铁对城市某污水处理厂污泥浓缩池上清液进行磷的吸附和解吸实验,结果表明该工艺对磷的回收率>90%.根据实验结果设计了城市污水中磷去除和回收工艺流程,该流程包括：吸附过程、解吸再生过程、富磷解吸液中磷回收等过程.     

分光光度法测定底质总磷的方法探讨

在一定条件下,用硫酸和过氧化氢进行消解,使不溶性磷酸盐和有机磷转化为正磷酸盐,待测液与钼酸盐反应生成磷钼杂多酸,加入还原剂抗坏血酸后转变成蓝色络合物,进行比色测定。实验表明,该方法回收率为93．4％～99．7％,检出限为0．009mg／L,RSD为4．0％。方法简便、可靠,能满足环境监测底质总磷分析的需要。