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以往对多菌灵降解菌Rhodococcus qingshengii sp.nov.djl-6的降解途径研究显示,该菌株首先通过多菌灵水解酶将多菌灵水解成二氨基苯并咪唑,从而对多菌灵进行脱毒.为开发酶制剂并有效应用于环境中残留污染物多菌灵的降解,比较了不同提取方法(高压细胞破碎、超声波破碎和添加溶菌酶破碎)对多菌灵水解酶提取效率的影响,并对其酶学特性进行了初步研究.结果表明,djl-6菌株在LB培养基中培养72~84 h,生长量和产酶量均达到最大值.采用超声波破碎提取酶的效率较高(蛋白浓度为7.92 mg/mL),但酶活损失较大(比酶活只有1.2 U/μg protein).多菌灵水解酶属于一种胞内组成型酶.该酶水解多菌灵的最适pH值为7.0,最适温度为30℃,Zn2+和K+对酶活有一定的抑制作用. 相似文献
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4种农药对土壤微生物的影响Ⅱ:氮素矿质化的变化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究农药,氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、多菌灵和丁硫克百威对山西省两种土壤氮素矿质化( 氨化作用和硝化作用) 的影响.结果表明,添加低浓度( w = 100 mg/kg) 的4 种农药,对土壤氮素矿质化无显著影响. 高浓度( w = 1000 mg/kg) 的菊酯类农药会抑制土壤中硝化细菌的活动,使土壤中氨的含量明显积累;添加高浓度多菌灵的土壤样品出现硝态氮积累的现象,这可能与其对微生物生长影响有关;添加高浓度丁硫克百威在一种土壤样品中使氨的含量有明显积累,但在另一种土壤样品中与对照基本相同.可见,农药对土壤氮素矿质化及微生物活性的影响,因农药品种的不同和浓度的不同而异,不同的土壤因微生物活性的差异而对农药污染的反应也不同 相似文献
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Severyn Salis Cecilia Testa Paola Roncada Sara Armorini Nicola Rubattu Angelo Ferrari 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(9):699-709
The occurrence of pesticides intended for non-agricultural use was investigated in 206 dust samples drawn from vacuum-cleaner bags from residential flats in Italy. The multi-residue analysis targeted on 95 different active principles was performed with UPLC-MS/MS, with a Limit of Quantification (LOQ) of 0.008 μg/g dry weight. The results indicated the presence of imidacloprid (IMI) and carbendazim (CARB) in 30% and 26% of the samples, with a mean and P95 concentration between 1.6 and 39 and between 0.08 and 4.9 μg/g, respectively. Combined presence of two biocides was noted in 19.4% samples, of three biocides in 9.2% samples, of four biocides in 3.4% samples, and of five and six biocides in 0.5% and 1% samples, respectively. According to the estimated dust intake in infants/toddlers aged 6–24 months (16–100 mg d?1) and cats (200 mg d?1), it was possible to obtain risk characterization with respect to the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for IMI of 0.060 mg/kg body weight (bw) proposed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the chronic Population Adjusted Dose (cPAD) of 0.019 mg/kg bw d?1 by US-EPA. Under the worst-case scenario, the presence of IMI in dust indicates potential exceedance of the cPAD in kittens, to be considered as sentinel also accounting for combined exposure. This study highlights the relevance of consumer empowerment about the responsible use of pesticides as biocidal products in indoor environment. 相似文献
14.
Xiao S. Liu Zhang F. Tong Ling Zhen Da X. Huang Xin Gao Chao Y. Xu 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):591-597
A method using liquid chromatography and a single mix-mode solid-phase extraction cleanup for the simultaneous analysis of thiabendazole [2-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-1H-benzoimidazole], carbendazim [(methyl N-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-carbamate)] and 2-aminobenzimidazole (1H-benzimidazol-2-amine) in concentrated fruit juices is described. The three fungicides were isolated from the samples and concentrated by solid-phase extraction on Oasis MCX cartridges. The determination was performed by liquid chromatography with a diode array, detecting at 288 nm. In this method, the average recoveries from blank control juice samples spiked in a concentration range of 0.01–0.10 mg/kg were in the range of 81–95%, with relative standard deviations below 8%. Detection limits and limits of quantification were 4 μ g/kg and 10 μ g/kg, respectively, for each fungicide. Real juice samples were analyzed by the proposed method. The results were compared to those from liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. 相似文献
15.
Effects of chlorothalonil and carbendazim on nitrification
and denitrification in soils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effects of chlorothalonil and carbendazim on nitrification and denitrification in six soils in upland and rice paddy environments were investigated. Laboratory aerobic (60% water holding capacity) and anaerobic (flooded) conditions were studied at 25°C and fungicide addition rates of 5.5 mg/kg A. I. (field rate, FR), 20 times (20FR) and 40 times (40FR) field rate, respectively. The results indicated that chlorothalonil at the field rate had a slight inhibitory effect on one soil only, and that soil did ... 相似文献
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四种农药对土壤微生物的影响Ⅰ:土壤呼吸的变化 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
研究了不同浓度的农药氯氰菊酯,高效氯氰菊酯,多菌灵和丁硫克百威对两种土壤的呼吸强度的影响.结果表明;农药对土壤呼吸强度的影响随农药的品种而异;四种农药可刺激或抑制土壤微生物的活性,其作用随浓度增加而增大,但这种影响是非持续性影响 相似文献
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WANG Xiuguo SONG Min GAO Chunming DONG Bin ZHANG Qun FANG Hu YU Yunlong 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(12):1679-1683
The effect of carbendazim applications on the diversity and structure of a soil bacterial community was studied under field conditions
using temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) and partial sequence analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene. After four
successive introductions of carbendazim at a level of 0.94 kg active ingredient (a.i.)/ha, the genetic diversity (expressed as Shannon
index, H0) decreased from 1.43 in the control to 1.29 in treated soil. This harmful e ect seems to increase with the concentration of
carbendazim. The value of H0 in the soil treated with carbendazim at 4.70 kg a.i./ha was reduced to 1.05 (P 6 0.05). The structure of
soil bacterial community was also a ected after four repeated applications of carbendazim at levels of 0.94, 1.88 and 4.70 kg a.i./ha, as
seen in the relative intensities of the individual band. However, the bacterial community in carbendazim-treated soil recovered to that
in the control 360 d after the first treatment. The results indicated that repeated applications of carbendazim could reduce soil microbial
diversity and alter the bacterial community structure temporarily. 相似文献
20.
Licia Guzzella Abdelmalek Dahchour Claudio Baggiani Fiorenzo Pozzoni 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):702-708
Benomyl is a benzimidazol fungicide used against various crop pathogens. Although banned in many countries, it is still widely used worldwide and is listed in different monitoring programs among the substances to be monitored to assess human exposure to pesticide residues. The assessment of benomyl is mainly based on the analysis of the residues of its most important metabolite, carbendazim. Existing methods often lack of selectivity and display a limited performance because of the presence of co-extracted compounds. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) offer an alternative methodology, adsorbing preferentially those target molecules for which the polymers are specifically prepared. In this study, we optimized the synthesis of a polymer imprinted with benomyl. Tests of specificity recognition showed a good performance for carbendazim compared with other similar pesticides. The mean recovery of benomyl (measured as carbendazim) from water samples was estimated to be 90% for MIPs while with real soil samples collected in Morocco the recovery efficiency was 62%. Preliminary tests also suggest that this MIP can implement traditional SPE techniques for assessing benomyl residual concentrations in environmental samples. 相似文献