对水泥企业生产环境负荷之浅析

基于生命周期理论,采用CNI环境影响评价方法对我国水泥生产的环境负荷进行了定量分析。结果表明：水泥生产的环境影响主要体现在温室效应、不可再生能源消耗和不可再生资源消耗,其环境负荷分别占对应环境影响类型世界总负荷的2.76％,2.34％和1.39％,2006年我国水泥生产的环境负荷约占世界总负荷的1.28％,其中,立窑生产工艺、湿法回转窑生产工艺和新型干法生产工艺的环境负荷分别为0.84％,0.12％和0.32％。通过行业结构调整,用新型干法生产工艺取代其他落后的生产工艺,可使我国水泥生产的环境负荷降至世界总负荷的1％左右。     

活性炭在膜生物反应器中的应用研究进展

活性炭是一种非常优良的吸附剂,具有物理吸附和化学吸附的双重特性。本文介绍了近年来向膜生物反应器中投加活性炭的应用研究进展,表明投加活性炭可以提高膜生物反应器的处理效果,同时对改善膜污染有很好的效果。     

Ru/γ-Al_2O_3和Ru/AC催化剂的制备及其对氨氧化反应的催化性能

分别以γ-Al_2O_3和活性炭(AC)为载体,采用浸渍法制备了Ru质量分数均为2.0%的Ru/γ-Al_2O_3和Ru/AC催化剂,并用X射线衍射仪和透射电子显微镜等方法对催化剂结构进行了表征.实验结果表明:Ru/AC中Ru沉积在AC表面,分散度较低;而Ru/γ-Al_2O_3中Ru进入到γ-Al_2O_3内部,形成了一种高度分散体系.Ru/γ-Al_2O_3对氨的催化活性高于Ru/AC,氨在Ru/γ-Al_2O_3和Ru/AC上的起活温度分别为200 ℃和266 ℃,T_(90)(氨去除率达90%时的反应温度)分别为267℃和320 ℃.随混合气体空速增大,Ru/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂的T_(90)逐渐升高,气体空速分别为3 600,4 800,5 400 h~(-1)时,T_(90)分别为235,266,303 ℃.随反应前混合气体中氨质量分数增加,氨的去除率降低.     

The Effect of Masterbatch Addition on the Mechanical, Thermal, Optical and Surface Properties of Poly(lactic acid)

There has been considerable interest in the use of the biodegradable polymer poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a replacement for petroleum derived polymers due to ease of processability and its high mechanical strength. Other material properties have however limited its wider application. These include its brittle properties, low impact strength and yellow tint. In an attempt to overcome these drawbacks, PLA was blended with four commercially available additives, commonly known as masterbatches. The effect of the addition of 1.5 wt% of the four masterbatches on the mechanical, thermal, optical and surface properties of the polymer was evaluated. All four masterbatches had a slight negative effect on the tensile strength of PLA (3–5% reduction). There was a four fold increase in impact resistance however with the addition of one of the masterbatches. Differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that this increase corresponded to a decrease in the polymer crystallinity. However there was an associated increase in polymer haze with the addition of this masterbatch. The clarity of PLA was improved through the addition of an optical brightener masterbatch, but the impact resistance remained low. The glass transition and melting temperatures of PLA were not affected by the addition of the masterbatches, and no change was observed in surface energy. Some delay in PLA degradation, in a PBS degradation medium at 50 °C, was observed due to blending with these masterbatches.     

Experimental study of recycling lightweight concrete with aggregates containing expanded glass

The focus is on the issue of waste management when constructing and recycling lightweight concrete (LWC) with aggregates containing expanded glass. The paper analyses the recycling of concrete from lightweight aggregates, and on the important issue of environmental and waste management. The characteristics of recycling LWC such as density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity are investigated, and compared with normal existing concrete from lightweight aggregates. The results indicate that it is possible to recycle lightweight concrete construction waste. The described method shows great possibilities for increasing the use of construction waste materials from LWC containing expanded glass, in order to benefit from better use of the available capacity from existing construction waste. The characteristics of density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity from the new recycled material were compared with normal existing concrete from lightweight aggregates, such as changes in dependency on the type and parts of waste as well as its new binding components. Thus, a new recycled material has been created with new characteristics of density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity, which is conform to the compressive strength class and rules on heat protection and energy efficiency use in buildings (SI OJ RS No. 42/2002). Laboratory density, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity tests results showed that LWC can be produced by the use of waste LWC with aggregates containing expanded glass. However, the use of waste LWC with aggregates containing expanded glass seems to be necessary for the production of cheaper and environmentally friendly LWC.     

拒绝服务攻击/分布式拒绝服务攻击防范技术的研究

研究常见的拒绝服务攻击和分布式拒绝服务攻击方法,深入分析各种相关防护技术,提出了从设备自身加固入手,以分布式检查,管理和技术双管齐下的思路。给出了应对这种目前开放网络中的顽疾的综合解决方案。笔者提及的相关解决方案涉及到安全评估加固技术、攻击检测技术、流量清洗技术、安全管理技术;也给出了各种不同职责岗位的工作职责,提出了防止拒绝服务攻击必须从做好安全加固,采用积极的方式应对这种攻击的思路。笔者提出的观点可用于指导企业进行综合的拒绝服务攻击防御,也可以作为安全技术及理论的研究者的参考,提到的各种防范技术均经过了实践的验证。     

企业安全管理中的潜流文化现象与应对方略

简介潜流安全文化的内涵,阐述潜流安全文化的隐蔽性、离散性、传承性和不稳定性的特点,剖析潜流安全文化形成的根源,提出应对潜流安全文化的扬长避短、因势利导、强化沟通、扩大参与、落实承诺和深化激励的方略。通过对企业安全管理中的潜流文化现象与应对方略的分析,得出以下结论:企业潜流安全文化是客观存在的,同时企业管理者是可以对企业潜流安全文化进行有效管理的;认识和管理企业安全管理中的潜流文化现象,可以有力推动企业安全文化建设工作的顺利开展。     

可靠性理论在公共安全领域的应用研究

对公共安全体系从系统可靠性的视角,综合运用可靠性方面的知识,构建公共安全系统混联模型;进而将可靠性分配理论与故障树分析方法相结合,根据系统安全目标的要求,确定混联系统的第一层次各单元事件的可靠性目标值,对构成各单元的各个下属单元采取最小工作量可靠度分配方法,从而建立系统中各单元可靠度再分配量化模型。通过建筑物火灾引起人员伤亡事故实例,详述系统各单元可靠性分配的计算过程。研究表明,可靠性理论可以成功地应用到公共安全领域;使系统在给定的目标值条件下达到系统的安全性优化,实现了公共安全保障效能,减小灾害损失。     

航运企业航运安全评价研究

在研讨现阶段航运安全评价技术进展的基础上,认为航运企业航运安全评价,宜采用定量和定性相结合的组合评价方法。因而构建了基于多级模糊综合评价方法的航运企业"航运安全"评价模型,从评价指标选取、指标体系建立、指标权重分析等入手,对航运企业的航运安全进行研究,并使用多级模糊综合评价方法对某航运企业A的航运安全进行了评价分析。通过分析,认为该企业急需加强企业航运安全文化建设,并加强航运企业管理体系和船员心理品质的培养。希望研究成果能为航运企业管理者提供一种全面认识和评价企业安全管理工作的工具和方法。     

AHP-SWOT法在道路交通安全改善策略中的应用

针对交通事故的特点,探讨AHP-SWOT方法在道路交通事故评价中的具体应用。SWOT(优势—劣势,机会—威胁)分析法是一种综合考虑系统外部环境和内部条件的各种因素,对其进行系统评价并从中选择最佳策略的方法,但是它缺少定量分析的过程。AHP(层次分析法)具有定性分析和定量分析相结合的优势,采用SWOT和AHP相结合的方法进行评价更加合理和准确。将AHP-SWOT方法应用于道路交通安全评价系统,分析道路交通安全系统所面临的机会和威胁、所处的优势和劣势,可为正确评价道路安全水平、制定合理的道路交通安全改善策略提供理论指导。实例证明该方法可行有效。