有机气溶胶的来源与形成研究现状

介绍了有机气溶胶来源与形成的研究现状,从有机气溶胶的化学组成特征、一次有机气溶胶的来源和二次有机气溶胶的形成机制论述其研究进展.一次有机气溶胶主要来源于烹调油烟、机动车排放、生物质燃烧、工业或民用燃油锅炉释放出的有机物,还有道路扬尘、沥青、刹车尘、轮胎屑、室外香烟烟雾、以及高等植物蜡、细菌活动和草本植物等.大气中的半挥发性有机物可通过物理和化学吸附形成二次有机气溶胶,一些挥发性有机物可通过气相化学反应转化为低挥发性的物质并形成二次有机气溶胶,其主要前体物是芳香族化合物,如苯、甲苯、二甲苯,以及烯烃、烷烃、环烷烃、萜烯和生物排放的非饱和氧化物.     

Method of pollution sources assessment in relation to residential site selection

Much investigation supports a high incidence of disease and death rates when people live in ambient polluted air for a long time. Thus, the location of residential sites is important from a public health viewpoint. The method outlined in this paper is useful for determining the location of residential sites based on pollution sources assessment.     

二氧化氯预氧化工艺处理微污染黄河水研究

对二氧化氯预氧化工艺替代预加氯系统处理低温、含异味和较高色度的黄河原水进行了综合研究。与预氯化、混凝沉淀系统相比，二氧化氯预氧化、混凝沉淀系统对藻类的去除率提高了30％～40％，使嗅和味的阚值降低了10～20，但CODmn和氨氮的去除率的变化不明显。由于进水色度变化较大，对色度的去除率变化也不明显。运行证明，该系统改造后对降低以微污染黄河水为水源的北方给水处理厂冬季运行过程中的出水嗅和味的阚值、增加藻类的去除率具有明显的效果，同时，运行费用也较低。     

气相色谱法测定二硫化碳和甲硫醚

利用气相色谱(配火焰光度检测器,采用3mxφ2mm玻璃填充柱分离)对CS2和甲硫醚(DMS)两种含硫化合物进行了分离检测。该方法具有较高的灵敏度和良好的线性关系。结果表明:该分析对含硫气体的最小检测浓度在mg/m3级,在柱温为70℃,检测器温度为180℃,气化室温度为150℃,氮气流速为50mL/min时,CS2的回收率为98.66%,变异系数为2.12%;甲硫醚的回收率为98.66%,变异系数为1.56%。     

铁炭内电解法处理染料废水的试验

文章采用铁屑一活性炭内电解法作为光合细菌生化处理染料废水的预处理方法，考查了3个主要影响因素（铁炭比、停留时间、初始pH值）。结果表明，最佳的处理条件为：铁炭比为7：3，pH值为5，停留时间为60min。在上述最佳处理条件下，对初始COD为6790mg／L的染料废水处理效率可以达到66．1％，并且废水经预处理后可生化性得到大大提高，有利于后续生化处理的进行。     

Developing Canada's National Forest Carbon Monitoring, Accounting and Reporting System to Meet the Reporting Requirements of the Kyoto Protocol

The rate of carbon accumulation in the atmosphere can be reduced by decreasing emissions from the burning of fossil fuels and by increasing the net uptake (or reducing the net loss) of carbon in terrestrial (and aquatic) ecosystems. The Kyoto Protocol addresses both the release and uptake of carbon. Canada is developing a National Forest Carbon Monitoring, Accounting and Reporting System in support of its international obligations to report greenhouse gas sources and sinks. This system employs forest-inventory data, growth and yield information, and statistics on natural disturbances, management actions and land-use change to estimate forest carbon stocks, changes in carbon stocks, and emissions of non-CO₂ greenhouse gases. A key component of the system is the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS). The model is undergoing extensive revisions to enable analyses at four spatial scales (national, provincial, forest management unit and stand) and in annual time steps. The model and the supporting databases can be used to assess carbon-stock changes between 1990 and the present, and to predict future carbon-stock changes based on scenarios of future disturbance rates and management actions.     

测空气中SO2时的主要影响因素

目前测定空气中SO2主要采用甲醛吸收-副玫瑰苯胺分光光度法。该法操作比较严格，测试结果的准确度受诸多因素的影响。因此文中对这些影响因素进行了探讨，主要为试剂质量、显色温度和显色时间、溶液加入顺序、比色皿、空气采样器流量、采样温度、导气管的吸附等因素对测定结果的影响进行了探讨。     

Carbon Dioxide Balance of Wood Substitution: Comparing Concrete- and Wood-Framed Buildings

In this study a method is suggested to compare the net carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission from the construction of concrete- and wood-framed buildings. The method is then applied to two buildings in Sweden and Finland constructed with wood frames, compared with functionally equivalent buildings constructed with concrete frames. Carbon accounting includes: emissions due to fossil fuel use in the production of building materials; the replacement of fossil fuels by biomass residues from logging, wood processing, construction and demolition; carbon stock changes in forests and buildings; and cement process reactions. The results show that wood-framed construction requires less energy, and emits less CO₂ to the atmosphere, than concrete-framed construction. The lifecycle emission difference between the wood- and concrete-framed buildings ranges from 30 to 130 kg C per m² of floor area. Hence, a net reduction of CO₂ emission can be obtained by increasing the proportion of wood-based building materials, relative to concrete materials. The benefits would be greatest if the biomass residues resulting from the production of the wood building materials were fully used in energy supply systems. The carbon mitigation efficiency, expressed in terms of biomass used per unit of reduced carbon emission, is considerably better if the wood is used to replace concrete building material than if the wood is used directly as biofuel.     

UASB系统中pH值与污泥浓度控制的探讨

介绍了啤酒生产废水处理工艺UASB系统,分析了pH值、污泥量对UASB系统的影响,并提出了保证出水水质达标的措施.     

Ni2+对2-氯酚厌氧降解系统的影响

针对重金属对难降解有毒有机物厌氧降解的影响问题,采用间歇试验法研究Ni2 对2-氯酚(2-CP)厌氧降解系统的影响规律.结果表明,当ρ(Ni2 )＜5 mg/L时,Ni2 对2-CP厌氧降解表现出轻度促进,当ρ(Ni2 )为5～500 mg/L,Ni2 以抑制作用为主,抑制作用随ρ(Ni2 )的增加而增强.Ni2 对原基质及关键中间产物苯酚和苯甲酸的抑制程度表现为:苯酚＞苯甲酸＞2-CP;ρ(Ni2 )低时的驯化能有效提高厌氧污泥对Ni2 毒性的耐受性能,300 mg/L Ni2 对2-CP降解的抑制从驯化前的65%降至驯化后的21%.Ni2 对2-CP厌氧降解的抑制作用与污泥中Ni的截留量之间存在正相关关系.抑制浓度CIP值和方程αC=[1-(I/I*)m]/[1 (I/I*)n)]能较好地表征厌氧生物处理过程受抑制程度.