工业园区低碳发展模式评估与规划分析

通过对工业园区低碳发展模式的评估,分析其低碳发展的能源特征、经济特征与人力特征,并确定工业园区二氧化碳减排的潜力能源。基于能源-碳减排(EC)、经济-能源-碳减排(EEC)和人力-经济-能源-碳减排(HEEC)三种不同情景,在未来发展的一定规划期内,对工业园区具有二氧化碳减排潜力的能源进行规划分析,确定其年递减率,从而实现工业园区不同情景下的二氧化碳减排。通过实际案例研究,证明了评估与规划分析模型的可行性。     

高校节能管理初探

目前,低碳生活的方式和理念已渗透到各高校大学生的学习和生活中,这为高校的节能管理创造了良好的基础和条件。倡导节约资源之风,尽节约能源之责,是建设生态文明社会的一项紧迫任务。因而,提高节能意识、完善节能管理体制、科学使用节能设备、加强节能队伍建设等措施必将促进高校节能管理工作的顺利开展。     

电力行业的节能减排与低碳经济

中国能源结构以煤为主,火电行业是碳排放量的主体,面对低碳经济的发展模式,电力行业势必将成为CO2减排的主力军。目前,火电行业通过"上大压小"政策,实现结构减排;通过提高电力工业的烟气脱硫,实现工程减排;通过扩大清洁能源的比例,减少煤炭消耗总量,实现总量减排。使用清洁能源是实现碳减排的有效途径。指出了电力行业"节能减排"的现状和措施,分析了电力行业在"低碳经济"中所面临的新形势,并对低碳电力技术的研究与运用进行了展望,阐述了通过利用清洁能源促进碳减排的迫切性和必要性。     

全球环境变化对土壤有机碳库影响的研究进展

全球环境变化对土壤生态系统有机碳库的影响是当前研究的热点。本文综述了大气CO2浓度升高、温度上升、氮沉降等环境因素变化对土壤有机碳输入与土壤呼吸可能的影响,介绍了关于全球环境变化对土壤有机碳库影响的研究手段及其存在的问题,并就今后研究土壤有机碳对全球变化的响应提出了几点建议。     

Removal of Eu3+, Ce3+, Sr2+, and Cs+ ions from radioactive waste solutions by modified activated carbon prepared from coconut shells

As a biomass agricultural waste material, coconut shells were used for the preparation of high-quality modified activated carbon. Chemical modification of the surface of the prepared activated carbon is done by oxidation using H₂O₂ and HNO₃, respectively. The surface area and pore volume of the coconut shells activated carbon are increased by the chemical modification, and followingly the removal of the metals is improved. The structural morphology and composition of the modified activated carbon coconut shells (MACCS) were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, thermogravimetric analysis–differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analysis (SAA), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur (CHNS) elemental analysis. The prepared MACCS has reasonably good chemical stability. The influence of solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, adsorption temperature, initial metal concentrations, and interfering ions on the adsorption performance of the investigated ions onto the prepared sorbent was examined by a batch method. The selectivity sequence for sorption of Eu³⁺, Ce³⁺, Sr²⁺, and Cs⁺ ions on MACCS was found to be Eu^3+?>?Ce^3+?>?Sr^2+?>?Cs⁺. The saturation capacities of MACCS for the studied metal ions were found to be 136.84, 85.55, 69.85, and 60.00?mg?g^?1 for Eu³⁺, Ce³⁺, Sr²⁺, and Cs⁺ ions, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters, ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG° were also evaluated.     

Effects of salinity on soil bacterial and archaeal community in estuarine wetlands and its implications for carbon sequestration: verification in the Yellow River Delta

Soils from two typical tidal salt marshes with varied salinity in the Yellow River Delta wetland were analysed to determine possible effects of salinity on soil carbon sequestration through changes in soil microbiology. The mean soil respiration (SR) of the salt water–fresh water mixing zone (MZ) was 2.89 times higher than that of the coastal zone (CZ) (4.73 and 1.63?μmol?m^?2?s^?1, respectively, p?Pseudomonas sp. and Limnobacter sp. that might have led to its higher dehydrogenase activity and respiratory rates. Additionally, the CZ possessed more Halobacteria and Thaumarchaeota with the ability to fix CO₂ than the MZ. Significantly lower soil salinity in MZ (4.25?g?kg^?1) was suitable for β-Proteobacteria, but detrimental for Halobacteria compared with CZ (7.09?g?kg^?1, p?相似文献   

腐殖酸与典型碳纳米材料协同光致产生活性氧物种的研究

采用电子自旋共振光谱(EPR)技术,分析腐殖酸在光照下对4种典型碳纳米材料诱导产生单线态氧(~1O_2)和羟基自由基(·OH)的影响。基于密度泛函理论计算4种典型碳纳米材料的前线轨道能,比较了它们分别经能量转移诱导产生~1O_2的能力以及经电子传递诱导产生·OH的能力。结果显示,4种不同形状的碳纳米材料(富勒烯、单壁碳纳米管、多壁碳纳米管以及石墨烯)悬浮液在紫外光照下均无~1O_2和·OH产生。与腐殖酸共同存在下,4种碳纳米材料均显著诱导~1O_2的产生,且富勒烯和石墨烯还能光致生成·OH。协同产生~1_O2的能力大小为:单壁碳纳米管富勒烯多壁碳纳米管石墨烯,协同产生·OH的能力大小为:石墨烯富勒烯。~1O_2的产生能力与碳纳米材料的能隙大小和颗粒聚集程度有关,而诱导产生·OH的能力主要取决于化学硬度。总之,我们的研究表明腐殖酸与碳纳米颗粒可协同产生活性氧物种。     

气相色谱法测定环境空气中2-甲基吡啶的方法

研究建立了活性炭管吸附,甲醇解吸,气相色谱法测定环境空气中2-甲基吡啶的方法。该法的检出限为1.8×10~(-3)mg/m~3,线性相关系数r为0.999 6,精密度RSD为1.3%~2.9%,回收率为82%~84%。该方法简单,干扰较少,结果准确、可靠,重现性好,适用于环境空气中2-甲基吡啶的测定。     

含Cu-EDTA废水吸附法处理研究

用活性炭吸附法对Cu-EDTA废水的处理进行了工艺条件研究。结果表明,对含Cu40mg/L的络合剂废水,利用络合铜在酸性条件下的不稳定和活性炭表面电荷作用,在pH=5—6,采用活性炭进行搅拌吸附0.5h,铜的吸附率可达98％,出水残铜稳定在1mg/L以下。同时采用0.5mol/L H_2SO_4洗脱回收铜,且做到活性炭再生使用,铜的回收率为98％。为Cu-EDTA废水的处理提供了一个经济有效的方法。     

EFFECT OF SOIL STERILIZATION BY MERCURIC CHLORIDE ON HERBICIDE SORPTION BY SOIL

Microbial inhibitors such as mercuric chloride are frequently used to sterilize soil or soil–water slurries in experimental studies on the fate of xenobiotics in the environment. This study examined the influence of mercuric chloride additions to soil–water slurries on the sorptive behaviour of a phenoxy herbicide (2,4-D) in soil. The results demonstrated that mercuric chloride strongly decreased the capacity of the soil to retain herbicides, and that the interference of mercuric chloride with herbicide sorption increased with increasing soil organic carbon contents. Because of the competitive sorption between mercuric chloride and the phenoxy herbicide, we conclude that mercuric chloride may not be a good soil sterilization procedure for use in xenobiotic fate studies.