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淀山湖沉积物碳-氮垂直分布特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,经过一系列污染治理措施,淀山湖的营养水平持续下降,但每年仍有不同程度的蓝藻水华暴发,严重影响其作为水源地的安全性。为了进一步探讨淀山湖水质改善策略,本研究对淀山湖沉积物营养状况进行了调查研究,分析了淀山湖沉积物碳、氮分布特征及垂直变化规律,并用沉积物肥力评价了淀山湖沉积物营养程度。结果表明,淀山湖沉积物营养盐存在明显的富集作用,二十多年来沉积物碳、氮含量大幅上升,表层沉积物均属于重污染状态。空间分布上,沉积物营养盐北部高,南部低,北部样点大部分属于重污染状态,南部样点基本属于中污染状态。垂直分布上,受航道回淤与北部围网养殖影响,部分样点营养盐垂直分布规律不显著,其他样点均表现出随深度增加营养盐显著降低的趋势。除出水口D1样点外,淀山湖有机质与TN表现出显著的同源相关性,表明有机质是淀山湖内源负荷的主要来源。 相似文献
235.
生物炭对塿土土壤温室气体及土壤理化性质的影响 总被引:23,自引:12,他引:11
通过田间小区试验,分别向塿土土壤中添加0、20、40、60、80 t·hm~(-2)的苹果果树枝条生物炭后,分析了生物炭对土壤温度、土壤团聚体、NO_3~--N、NH_4~+-N、微生物量碳以及土壤温室气体排放的影响.结果表明,生物炭可以缓解土壤温度的变化,增加土壤大团聚体的数量,尤其是5 mm、5~2 mm和1~0.5 mm的团聚体数量.与对照相比,随着生物炭施用量的增加,土壤NO_3~--N、NH_4~+-N、微生物量碳分别增加了4.9%~33.9%、9.1%~41.1%和11.8%~38.5%.本研究中生物炭对土壤温室气排放的影响主要表现为:添加生物炭后,土壤CO_2的排放量以及CH_4的吸收汇分别增加了6.73%~23.35%和3.62%~14.17%;施用20 t·hm~(-2)和40 t·hm~(-2)的生物炭降低了土壤N_2O的排放和综合增温潜势(GWP),而当生物炭施用量大于等于60 t·hm~(-2)时反而增加了土壤N_2O的排放和综合增温潜势(GWP).说明生物炭作为一种土壤改良剂和碳减排剂,能够改善土壤质量,提高土壤肥力,提高农田土壤增汇减排的作用,此外,选择合适的生物炭施用量至关重要. 相似文献
236.
Jingyu Su Guanping Jin Changyong Li Xiaohui Zhu Yan Dou Yong Li Xin Wang Kunwei Wang Qianqian Gu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(11):2355-2361
Ni was effectively recovered from spent electroless nickel (EN) plating baths by forming a nano-nickel coated activated carbon composite. With the aid of ultrasonication, melamine- formaldehyde-tetraoxalyl-ethylenediamine chelating resins were grafted on activated carbon (MFT/AG). PdC12 sol was adsorbed on MFT/AC, which was then immersed in spent electroless nickel plating bath; then nano-nickel could be reduced by ascorbic acid to form a nano-nickel coating on the activated carbon composite (Ni/AC) in situ. The materials present were carefully examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electro- chemistry techniques. The resins were well distributed on the inside and outside surfaces of activated carbon with a size of 120 ± 30 nm in MFT/AC, and a great deal of nano-nickel particles were evenly deposited with a size of 3.8 ± 1.1 nm in Ni/MFT. Moreover, Ni/AC was successfully used as a catalyst for ultrasonic degradation of 2.6-dichloronhenol. 相似文献
237.
Multi-walled carbon nanotube(MWCNT) sheet was fabricated from a drawable MWCNT forest and then deposited on poly(methyl methacrylate) film. The film was further coated with a natural antimicrobial peptide nisin. We studied the effects of nisin coating on the attachment of Bacillus anthracis spores, the germination of attached spores, and the subsequent biofilm formation from attached spores. It was found that the strong adsorptivity and the super hydrophobicity of MWCNTs provided an ideal platform for nisin coating. Nisin coating on MWCNT sheets decreased surface hydrophobicity, reduced spore attachment, and reduced the germination of attached spores by 3.5 fold, and further inhibited the subsequent biofilm formation by 94.6% compared to that on uncoated MWCNT sheet. Nisin also changed the morphology of vegetative cells in the formed biofilm.The results of this study demonstrated that the anti-adhesion and antimicrobial effect of nisin in combination with the physical properties of carbon nanotubes had the potential in producing effective anti-biofilm formation surfaces. 相似文献
238.
Seasonal and diurnal variations of atmospheric peroxyacetyl nitrate, peroxypropionyl nitrate, and carbon tetrachloride in Beijing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gen Zhang Yujing Mu Junfeng Liu Chenglong Zhang Yuanyuan Zhang Yujie Zhang Hongxing Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(1):65-74
Atmospheric peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN), peroxypropionyl nitrate(PPN), and carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) were measured from September 2010 to August 2011 in Beijing. PAN exhibited low values from mid-autumn to early spring(October to March) with monthly average concentrations ranging from 0.28 to 0.73 ppbV, and increased from early spring to summer(March to August), ranging from 1.37–3.79 ppbV. The monthly variation of PPN was similar to PAN, with low values(below detection limit to 0.18 ppbV) from mid-autumn to early spring, and a monthly maximum in September(1.14 ppbV). The monthly variation of CCl4was tightly related to the variation of temperature, exhibiting a minimum in winter(69.3 pptV) and a maximum of 180.6 pptV in summer. Due to weak solar intensity and short duration, PAN and O3showed no distinct diurnal patterns from morning to night during winter, whereas for other seasons, they both exhibited maximal values in the late afternoon(ca. 15:00 to 16:00 local time) and minimal values during early morning and midnight. Good linear correlations between PAN and PPN were found in autumn(R = 0.91), spring(R = 0.94), and summer(R = 0.81), with slopes of 0.130, 0.222, and 0.133, respectively, suggesting that anthropogenic hydrocarbons dominated the photochemical formation of PANs in Beijing. Positive correlation between PAN and O3 in summer with the low slopes( O3 / PAN) ranging from 9.92 to 18.0 indicated serious air pollution in Beijing, and strong negative correlation in winter reflected strong O3consumption by NO titration and less thermal decompositin of PAN. 相似文献
239.
随着应对全球气候变化进程的不断推进,“低碳经济”已逐渐成为世界各国实现经济社会可持续发展的必由之路.京津冀及周边地区社会经济发展较不平衡,整体推进低碳经济发展存在较大的困难,为有效促进低碳经济发展的策略选择,本文通过构建低碳经济发展水平评价指标体系,对京津冀及周边地区的低碳经济发展状况进行评价.结果显示,京津冀及周边地区低碳经济发展水平差异较大:北京低碳经济水平相对较高,其他地区距离低碳经济发展水平尚有较大差距.由此,京津冀及周边地区应根据地区经济发展特点及其低碳经济发展状况,采取不同的低碳发展策略选择,以有效推进低碳经济发展模式的顺利转型. 相似文献
240.
研究土地利用变化对土壤有机碳及其动态变化规律,有助于掌握全球气候变化与土地利用变化之间的关系。本文分别从土地利用及其管理方式变化的角度,综合阐述了土地利用变化对土壤有机碳的影响过程与机理。 相似文献