改性烟气脱硫球形活性炭的研究

以糠醛渣和炭粉的混合物为原料,分别掺入一定比例的CuO V2O5,MnO2,制备具有低温催化活性的炭载脱硫催化剂,并对其脱硫效果、孔径、脱硫反应前后Cu,V,Mn离子的存在形式进行了研究。结果表明,CuO V2O5,MnO2的加入使球形炭的比表面积降低,平均孔径增大,但脱硫效果却进一步提高,说明这两种金属活性组分在脱硫过程中确实起到了催化的作用。     

中国农业植被净初级生产力模拟(I)——模型的建立与灵敏度分析

以业已建成的稻麦作物净初级生产力模型为基本框架,建立了一个具有普适性的中国农业植被净初级生产力模型(CropC-)。CropC-的模拟对象为占我国农作物总播种面积2/3的水稻、小麦、玉米、棉花、油菜和大豆。该模型包括2个主要功能模块:光合作用和呼吸作用;土壤-作物系统氮素运移。前者综合考虑了环境因子和氮素的影响,后者包括了作物氮素吸收、土壤氮矿化和化肥氮释放。灵敏度分析表明,在输入参数变化±10%时,CropC-对6个主要输入参数响应的敏感性依次为温度>光合有效辐射>大气CO2浓度>土壤全氮含量>施氮量>降水。模型分析表明,气候变暖将降低作物净初级生产力。     

牙鲆、孔石莼分泌物对混合重金属在牙鲆组织蓄积的影响

研究了海水中总有机碳(TOC)浓度、总有机碳种类对混合重金属(Cu Pb、Cu Cd、Cu Pb Cd)在牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)内脏、肌肉、鳃组织蓄积的影响.结果表明,孔石莼分泌物、牙鲆分泌物均能降低Cu、Pb、Cd的生物有效性;当海水TOC种类相同时,随TOC浓度的升高,牙鲆的内脏、肌肉、鳃组织中Cu、Pb、Cd蓄积量均明显下降;当海水TOC浓度相近时,孔石莼分泌物比牙鲆分泌物更能降低牙鲆各组织Cu、Pb、Cd蓄积量.TOC浓度、种类的变化对牙鲆各组织中Cu、Pb、Cd蓄积分配均无影响,各组织重金属蓄积量顺序均为:内脏＞鳃＞肌肉.     

Methodological and Practical Considerations for Developing Multiproject Baselines for Electric Power and Cement Industry Projects in Central America

The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the Center for Sustainable Development in the Americas (CSDA) conducted technical studies and organized two training workshops to develop capacity in Central America for the evaluation of climate change projects. This paper describes the results of two baseline case studies conducted for these workshops, one for the power sector and one for the cement industry, that were devised to illustrate certain approaches to baseline setting. Multiproject baseline emission rates (BERs) for the main Guatemalan electricity grid were calculated from 2001 data. In recent years, the Guatemalan power sector has experienced rapid growth; thus, a sufficient number of new plants have been built to estimate viable BERs. We found that BERs for baseload plants offsetting additional baseload capacity ranged from 0.702 kgCO2/kWh (using a weighted average stringency) to 0.507 kgCO2/kWh (using a 10th percentile stringency), while the baseline for plants offsetting load-following capacity is lower at 0.567 kgCO2/kWh. For power displaced from existing load-following plants, the rate is higher, 0.735 kgCO2/kWh, as a result of the age of some plants used for meeting peak loads and the infrequency of their use. The approved consolidated methodology for the Clean Development Mechanism yields a single rate of 0.753 kgCO2/kWh. Due to the relatively small number of cement plants in the region and the regional nature of the cement market, all of Central America was chosen as the geographic boundary for setting cement industry BERs. Unfortunately, actual operations and output data were unobtainable for most of the plants in the region, and many data were estimated. Cement industry BERs ranged from 205 kgCO2 to 225 kgCO2 per metric ton of cement.     

大理市西洱河环境容量测算初探

从环境容量利用与管理的角度出发，在科学评价环境质量现状的基础上，根据环境功能区的质量目标，通过建立污染源一环境质量的输入响应关系，确定大理市西洱河的环境容量。     

区域环评中大气环境容量估算的研究进展

目前,在大气环境影响评价中,区域大气环境容量的研究是实施大气污染物总量控制的前提.文章综述了大气污染物区域环境容量的主要影响因素、用于其计算的空气质量模型以及大气环境容量研究的一般步骤.现阶段应用较广泛的大气环境容量的预测模型有A-P值法模型、箱模型、线性优化模型、ADMS模型及多种模型相结合的复合模式等,通过研究分析,提出了现阶段大气环境容量研究存在的主要问题及其有效的解决途径.     

导流板在生产性氧化沟中的应用

导流板是曝气转盘的附件。通过测试导流板设置前后对氧化沟流速分布和曝气机充氧能力的影响，分析了导流板在实际氧化沟中的应用效果，测试结果表明：导流板的设置提高了氧的转移效率，使转盘的充氧能力得以增加，改善氧化沟上部、底部流速分布。同时设置上下游导流板比只设置下游导流板效果更加明显。     

Wood materials used as a means to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs): An examination of wooden utility poles

There has been growing concern over the build-up of greenhouse gase(GHGs) in the atmosphere, particularly carbon dioxide (CO₂), as acause of global warming. The IPCC Third Assessment Report (2001) suggests two ways in which the choice of materials could berelevant. First, some materials, particularly wood, have the advantage thatthey continue to hold carbon (C)in their cells even after being convertedto products. The implications of this feature are well researched. Second,an area that is not well researched relates to the different energyrequirements for producing similar products made with different materials. Using the findings of recent research, this paper compares the energyrequirements and C emissions of manufacturing a product using wood withthat of other materials. The case study of utility poles demonstrates thepositive C and global warming consequences of the lower energyrequirements of wood in the U.S., compared to other materials such assteel or concrete. It demonstrates that GHG emissions associated withutility poles are a small but significant percent of total US annual emissions. Wood utility poles are associated with GHG emission reductions of 163Terragrams (Tg) of CO₂ when compared with steel poles. This isabout 2.8 percent of US annual GHG emissions, which are estimated atabout 5.28 Petragrams (Pg) of CO₂ annually. Thus, the use ofwooden utility poles rather than steel results in a small but significantreduction in total US emissions.     

Mechanisms of granular activated carbon anaerobic fluidized-bed process for treating phenols wastewater

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土地资源人口承载量的预测及其在人地关系研究中的意义——以江苏省滨海、苏州为例

几百年的人地关系研究历史证明,许多思想家和地理学家往往都以粮食这一特殊物质入手,并以粮食为诊断因素来反映人与自然之间错综复杂的联系。80年代中期兴起的土地资源人口承载量的研究,乃是这一传统研究思路的延续。因而,在我国深入开展这一项研究的过程中,有必要在吸收国外研究方法和经验的同时,注意总结历史的教训。①土地资源人口承载量的研究,其目的并不在于获取土地资源到底能养活多少人这一精确的人口数据,而在于揭示人口、粮食、土地三者之间的复杂关系及其地域差异。②土地资源的生产潜力是土地的自然属性与人类管理水平的综合反映,人类对土地的反作用以及科学技术的影响是使土地资源人口承载量发生阶段性跃迁的主要因素,在进行长周期预测时应予以足够的重视。③在引进国外方法和模式时,应根据不同的研究精度、不同的研究目的、不同的区域性质以及研究条件等加以科学订正。作者从人地关系研究出发,以滨海县和苏州市2个不同类型地区为实例,采用机助多要素图叠置分析的方法,进行了土地资源人口承载量的预测和分析。