基于热线法的不同水分含量松散煤体热物性实验与模拟研究

为解决松散煤体热物性参数的测试周期长与实验误差大等问题,构建测试装置实验平台,结合交叉热线法和平行热线法,对松散煤体热物性参数进行准确测量与计算,对1～2 mm,0.5～0.6 mm和0.2～0.3 mm 3种不同粒径煤样在不同水分含量下的热物性参数的变化规律进行研究,利用Fluent数值模拟软件对松散煤体温度场进行模...     

Microbial response to CaCO3 application in an acid soil in southern China

Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) application is widely used to ameliorate soil acidification. To counteract soil and bacterial community response to CaCO₃ application in an acidic paddy soil in southern China, a field experiment was conducted with four different dosages of CaCO₃ addition, 0, 2.25, 4.5 and 7.5?tons/ha, respectively. After one seasonal growth of rice, soil physicochemical properties, soil respiration and bacterial communities were investigated. Results showed that soil pH increased accordingly with increasing dose of CaCO₃ addition, and 7.5?tons/ha addition increased soil pH to neutral condition. Moderate dose of CaCO₃ application (4.5?tons/ha) significantly increased soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) content, enhanced soil respiration, while the excessive CaCO₃ application (7.5?tons/ha) decreased these soil properties. High-throughput sequencing results illustrated that moderate dose of CaCO₃ application increased the richness and alpha diversity of soil bacterial community. Compared with control, the relative abundance of Anaerolineaceae family belonging to Chloroflexi phylum increased by 38.7%, 35.4% and 24.5% under 2.25, 4.5 and 7.5?tons/ha treatments, respectively. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that soil pH was the most important factor shaping soil bacterial community. The results of this study suggest that proper dose of CaCO₃ additions to acid paddy soil in southern China could have positive effects on soil properties and bacterial community.     

湖南长沙市土壤重金属污染调查与评价

对长沙市各地区及不同土壤类型重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As污染现状进行了调查和分析。结果表明:长沙市土壤重金属含量在各片区内及片区间差异都较大,说明点污染源有较大影响;长沙市暮云镇、三叉叽、桐梓坡、月亮岛属重污染,五一路属中度污染,其它地区属轻度污染;长沙市土壤Cd元素污染十分突出,全市单项污染指数79.9,属重污染。     

磷酸钙沉淀法去除猪场废水中磷的实验研究

以模拟猪场废水为处理对象,进行了磷酸钙沉淀除磷小试实验,考察了pH值、不同初始n(Ca)/n(P)、CO<'2-><,3>、Mg<'2+>以及CO<'2-><,3>和Mg<'2+>共存对磷酸钙沉淀反应的影响;利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对沉淀产物进行了表征.结果表明,在溶液pH=8.0和初始n(Ca)/n(P)=3.33...     

山东烟台金斗山金矿非金属矿物成因矿物学研究

对产于烟台金斗山金矿内的贯通性非金属矿物石英及碳酸盐类的化学成分、晶体习性、流体包裹体和天然热发光特征做了研究 ,结果表明 ,矿床的主成矿阶段的环境介质为酸性偏中性 ,富矿和贫矿石英的热发光曲线均为双峰型 ,但峰点温度、总积分强度有显著差异。碳酸盐类矿物的总体演化趋势为从富镁铁向富钙方向演化 ,碳酸盐热发光曲线的峰型和积分强度是判别成矿期和非成矿期碳酸盐的可信参数。     

新疆巴音布鲁克天鹅湖高寒湿地土壤呼吸对水分条件的响应

为了揭示干旱半干旱区高寒湿地不同水分梯度对土壤呼吸规律的影响,以及土壤温度与含水量对土壤呼吸影响的差异性,以新疆巴音布鲁克天鹅湖高寒湿地为研究对象,在2014年植物生长季利用LI-8100土壤碳通量自动测量系统对不同水分条件(常年积水区、季节性积水区、常年干燥区)下的土壤呼吸速率进行测定,分析土壤呼吸日变化、季节性变化特征及其与土壤温度、土壤体积含水量的关系. 结果表明:①不同水分条件下巴音布鲁克天鹅湖高寒湿地土壤呼吸速率日变化均呈明显的单峰曲线,常年积水区、季节性积水区、常年干燥区土壤呼吸速率最大值分别为1.97、7.39、8.83 μmol/(m2·s),均出现在13:00—15:00;土壤CO₂日累积排放量季节性变化明显,差异性达到极显著水平(P<0.01),三者的最大值分别为0.12、0.45、0.40 mol/m2,地表积水显著抑制了土壤呼吸,提高了土壤碳稳定性. ②不同水分条件下土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度、土壤体积含水量之间均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),常年积水区、季节性积水区和常年干燥区的Q₁₀(土壤呼吸温度敏感性)差异性极显著(P<0.01),其大小表现为常年干燥区(1.54)<常年积水区(2.22)<季节性积水区(3.36),各水分区域6月典型日的Q₁₀最大,表现为常年干燥区(2.56)<季节性积水区(4.30)<常年积水区(4.75),说明水分条件显著影响Q₁₀. ③巴音布鲁克天鹅湖高寒湿地土壤呼吸受地下5 cm处土壤温度(T)与0~5 cm土壤体积含水量(W)的综合影响,季节性积水区土壤呼吸速率与二者之间满足最佳拟合模型R_s=-1.113+0.041W-0.366T+0.008WT,常年干燥区则满足最佳拟合模型R_s=1.470+0.023W-0.027T+0.002WT.      

温度对细菌碳酸酐酶催化碳酸钙沉积的影响

碳酸钙(CaCO3)沉积不仅在许多地质过程中起重要作用,而且在石刻文物和石质建筑物的修复以及环境治理等方面也有应用。CaCO3沉积过程在自然条件下极为缓慢,在CaCO3-H2O-CO2反应体系中CO2+H2OHCO3-+H+为限速步骤,可以利用生物催化剂来加速这一反应的进行。碳酸酐酶(Carbonic anhydrase,CA)是一种以锌为活性中心的金属酶,可以高效催化上述反应的进行,并在CaCO3沉积中具有显著促进作用。本文采用气体扩散体系,研究温度对典型细菌CA催化CaCO3沉积的速率及晶型晶貌的影响。结果表明,在实验温度(5～55℃)条件下,30℃时细菌CA催化沉积CaCO3的速率最快,而5℃时的沉积速率最慢,而且,温度会影响细菌CA催化形成的CaCO3晶体的大小和形貌。     

盐效萃取法从制药废液中回收正丁醇

用盐效萃取法从制药废液中回收正丁醇,考察碳酸钾水溶液与该废液的质量比对脱水率的影响,测定正丁醇-水-碳酸钾体系在40℃时的液-液相平衡数据,用Pitzer理论和NRTL方程对液-液相平衡数据进行了理论计算。结果表明:当质量分数为60.00%的碳酸钾水溶液与废液的质量比为1.00时,脱水率高达84.50%;将有机相进行精馏可得到质量分数为99.50%的正丁醇;计算值与实测值接近,水相和有机相的绝对平均偏差分别为0.60%和0.20%。     

Emissions of SO2, NO and N2O in a circulating fluidized bed combustor during co-firing coal and biomass

This paper presents the experimental investigations of the emissions of SO2, NO and N2O in a bench scale circulating fluidized bed combustor for coal combustion and co-firing coal and biomass. The thermal capacity of the combustor is 30 kW. The setup is electrically heated during startup. The influence of the excess air, the degree of the air staging, the biomass share and the feeding position of the fuels on the emissions of SO2, NO and N2O were studied. The results showed that an increase in the biomass shares resulted in an increase of the CO concentration in the flue gas, probably due to the high volatile content of the biomass. In co-firing, the emission of SO2 increased with increasing biomass share slightly, however, non-linear increase relationship between SO2 emission and fuel sulfur content was observed. Air staging significantly decreased the NO emission without raising the SO2 level. Although the change of the fuel feeding position from riser to downer resulted in a decrease in the NO emission level, no obvious change was observed for the SO2 level. Taking the coal feeding position R as a reference, the relative NO emission could significantly decrease during co-firing coal and biomass when feeding fuel at position D and keeping the first stage stoichiometry greater than 0.95. The possible mechanisms of the sulfur and nitrogen chemistry at these conditions were discussed and the ways of simultaneous reduction of SO2, NO and N2O were proposed.     

对胶状部分水解聚丙烯酰胺水解度测试方法的改进

以大量的实验数据为证 ,提出胶状部分水解聚丙烯酰胺水解度测试的改进方法及其实施步骤 ,与标准方法相比 ,所提方法简便、科学、实用。在胶状聚丙烯酰胺固含量及水解度分析测试中具有实际意义。