尾矿库溃坝风险评价方法的研究进展

溃坝风险评价作为管理者开展尾矿库风险管理的重要手段,对减少和防止尾矿库溃坝事故的发生,保障其安全运行具有重要意义。因此,进行尾矿库溃坝风险评价相关理论和方法的研究非常必要。通过大量的文献调研和分析,较系统回顾和总结了中国尾矿库溃坝风险评价方法的运用现状,并对不同方法存在的问题和局限性进行了探讨。在此基础上,指出了尾矿库溃坝风险评价未来的研究方向。     

砷尾矿污染土壤的细菌群落结构多样性及其相关环境影响因子分析

以湖南石门雄黄尾矿污染土壤为对象,研究纵向不同深度、横向不同距离土样中的重金属污染程度以及细菌群落结构变化规律,查明砷污染土壤的核心微生物组成并将其与土壤理化指标进行共存网络图分析.结果表明:该尾矿区的土壤各项重金属指标严重超标,尤以铅(626.54 mg·kg?1,Ei=105.48)、砷(1804.75 mg·kg...     

碳酸根对磷酸钙沉淀反应回收磷的影响简

以模拟的厌氧消化液为处理对象,通过小试实验,考察不同初始磷浓度C_P、Ca/P物质的量比、pH和温度下,碳酸根（CO₃^2-）对磷酸钙沉淀反应回收磷的影响;利用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）对沉淀产物进行表征。结果表明,高浓度的CO₃^2-对以磷酸钙沉淀反应去除和回收磷的效率影响较大;C_P相同时,CO₃^2-浓度（C_CO3^2-）越大,P的去除率越低,低C_P（20 mg/L）时尤为显著;当C_CO3^2-相同时,随着C_P的增大,反应速率加快,P的去除率逐渐升高,但升高幅度越来越小;增大Ca/P比和pH能提高P的去除率,降低CO₃^2-对磷酸钙沉淀反应的抑制作用,综合考虑实际效果,应选择Ca/P比为3.33,pH为9.0作为适宜的反应条件;升高温度对降低CO₃^2-对磷酸钙沉淀反应的抑制作用贡献不大。在C_P为60 mg/L,Ca/P比为1.67,pH为9.0,温度为20℃的条件下,当C _CO3^2-为0时,得到的沉淀产物主要为羟基磷灰石HAP;当C _CO3^2-为30 mmol/L时,得到的沉淀产物为磷酸钙和碳酸合磷灰石的混合物。     

流动注射法测定水中总碳酸盐

将流动注射应用于水中总碳酸盐的分析,并研究了各种实验条件对于结果的影响。实验证明,这种方法基本不存在干扰,在采样量为0.05ml时,检出限(3σ)为80mg/L;峰高的检测范围100~1000mg/L;峰宽的检测范围1000~5000mg/L,能够很好地应用于火力发电厂中生水、锅炉水的总碳酸盐测定。     

官厅水库富营养化的评价

综述了官厅水库水系的近期状况 ;在库区选择了 8个具有代表性的断面 ,分析测试了 1 1项水质指标 ,采用 Vol-lenweider的理论评价了库区水质为中 -富营养等级 ;提出了改善水库水系的 4点建议     

金属尾矿建筑微晶玻璃组成的研究

从晶格常数、晶核剂、低共熔点等方面讨论了玻璃主成分确定、晶核剂选择等问题。用差热分析、Ｘ射线衍射等测试方法，研究其核化和晶化特性。研究表明：金属尾矿制取建筑微晶玻璃不但可行，而且ＣａＯ—ＭｇＯ—Ａｌ２Ｏ３—ＳｉＯ２系统玻璃在较低温度下即开始晶化，且均以透辉石为主晶相，尾矿掺量可达６５％以上。     

用丙二醇碳酸酯对膨润土进行活化的研究

膨润土及其产品GCL正广泛应用于城市垃圾填埋场的防渗系统中。但是膨润土的膨胀性能在成分复杂的液体(如渗滤液)中会大幅下降,从而直接影响防渗效果。在分析中,利用丙二醇碳酸酯对钠基膨润土进行活化,提高其耐化学性,并分析了其性能改善的机理。     

SAS/IPPA/AA三元共聚物对碳酸钙阻垢性能的研究

以水为溶剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,丙烯磺酸钠、异丙烯膦酸和丙烯酸为单体,合成了三元共聚物丙烯磺酸钠/异丙烯膦酸/丙烯酸(SAS/ IPPA/AA),研究了共聚物在不同水质条件下对CaCO3的阻垢性能,探讨了共聚物浓度、pH值、钙离子浓度、碳酸根离子浓度和温度等条件对CaCO3的阻垢性能的影响,结果显示,在共聚物用量为18mg·l-1时,可使阻垢率达到100%.     

Arsenic tissue concentration of immature mice one hour after oral exposure to gold mine tailings

A potentially high bioavailability of arsenic in gold mine tailings from a site in northern California has been suggested by solubility studies. To help address this issue, an in vivo dosing study was conducted using 12dayold Swiss Webster mouse pups (n=8/group). A sample of sizefractionated mine tailings from the site (<20m particle size, 691g g^–1 arsenic) was prepared as an aqueous suspension and administered by gavage in a volume that provided 4mg As/kg body weight. The control group received the same volume of a commercial soil (1g g^–1 As) of similar particle size (<60m). No mortality or toxic signs were noted in either group. Tissue samples were collected 1h after gavage, freezedried, microwavedigested and analysed for arsenic by ICP/MS (detection limit 2ng As g^–1 dry weight). Arsenic concentrations (ng As g^–1 dry weight) in tissues from the pups who received mine tailings were significantly higher than in control tissues. The mean elevation in arsenic concentration was highest in the liver (3364% of control, p<0.0001), followed by blood (818 of control, p<0.0001), skin (207% of control, p=0.07), and brain (143% of control, p<0.0001). The carcass arsenic concentration (excluding the GI tract, liver, brain and skin) was 138 of control (p=0.02). The data indicate uptake of arsenic from weathered mine tailings by the immature mouse pups after oral exposure.     

Functionalization of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot: A sustainable carbon-based catalyst for the production of cyclic carbonate from epoxide and CO2

A series of organic compounds were successfully immobilized on an N-doped graphene quantum dot (N-GQD) to prepare a multifunctional organocatalyst for coupling reaction between CO₂ and propylene oxide (PO). The simultaneous presence of halide ions in conjunction with acidic- and basic-functional groups on the surface of the nanoparticles makes them highly active for the production of propylene carbonate (PC). The effects of variables such as catalyst loading, reaction temperature, and structure of substituents are discussed. The proposed catalysts were characterized by different techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (FESEM/EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Under optimal reaction conditions, 3-bromopropionic acid (BPA) immobilized on N-GQD showed a remarkable activity, affording the highest yield of 98% at 140°C and 10⁶ Pa without any co-catalyst or solvent. These new metal-free catalysts have the advantage of easy separation and reuse several times. Based on the experimental data, a plausible reaction mechanism is suggested, where the hydrogen bonding donors and halogen ion can activate the epoxide, and amine functional groups play a vital role in CO₂ adsorption.