尾矿库溃坝风险定量评价方法探讨

针对目前尾矿库安全评价中无定量评价尾矿库溃坝风险的现状,坝体稳定性计算中未考虑到坝体实际为非均质体的特点,本文提出将容重、内摩擦角和凝聚力三者视为随机变量,采用蒙特卡洛模型计算尾矿坝溃坝失效概率;综合运用水文学、水动力学、非牛顿流体的运动理论,建立尾矿库溃坝后尾矿下泄模型,以计算溃坝淹没范围;综合考虑尾矿库溃坝后生命损失、财政损失和环境损失,计算尾矿库溃坝风险损失度;最终确定尾矿库溃坝风险度,以期提高尾矿库安全评价技术、确保尾矿库安全健康运行.     

娘子关泉域岩溶地下水水质污染现状及成因分析

依据2000年和近15年的泉域水质监测资料,发现娘子关泉域岩溶水目前污染严重并且呈逐年上升的趋势．主要污染组分为硬度、硫酸根离子、TDS。通过对泉域水文地质条件和人类活动相互作用结果的揭示,阐明了娘子关泉域的污染成因,并在此基础上,提出了防治污染的相关措施。     

斋家冲尾矿库排水斜槽加固实践

通过对斋家冲尾矿库排水斜槽结构强度演算及危险分析,采用埋设加固方法进行安全整改实践,达到了预期要求和效果。     

中国南方碳酸盐岩上覆红土形成机制研究进展

碳酸盐岩上覆红土在中国南方分布广泛,已提出的用于解释其形成机制的有溶蚀-残积说、溶蚀-交代说和外来沉积说,溶蚀-残积说应该是红土形成的真正机制。形成红土消耗的原岩可能是质纯碳酸盐岩,但更可能是含有泥质碳酸盐岩,甚至碎屑岩或粘土岩。红土中粘土矿物来源应该有二,一是原岩所夹粘土矿物,二是原岩中硅酸盐矿物溶解形成的次生粘土矿物;铁氧化物应该来自原岩中黄铁矿的次生演化。完整的红土剖面应该由红土层、杂色粘土层和碳酸盐岩腐岩组成。碳酸盐岩腐岩形成于包气带,由原岩中的碳酸盐溶解后再次沉淀形成,主要由钙华和残余碳酸盐晶体组成。红土地区的石漠化趋势主要与红土向地下岩溶空间渗漏有关。     

碳酸钠/甘油体系中六氯苯脱氯去除及影响因素研究

以六氯苯(HCB)为对象,以HCB脱氯和去除效率为考察指标,通过研究不同的氢供体、碱性物质、催化剂和反应温度等因素,逐步建立基于碳酸钠(Na2CO3)/甘油的高效碱催化脱氯(BCD)体系.结果表明,碱性物质的投加量对HCB的脱氯效率影响显著,当HCB、铁粉、Na2CO3和甘油的投加质量比为1:1:12:90时,在250℃下反应2.5h后,HCB的去除率达到99.9%,脱氯效率达到91.9%,部分氯苯已完全脱氯生成苯.研究结果证明了弱碱性物质也能高效催化HCB的脱氯降解.碳酸钠/甘油体系对HCB具有高效的脱氯效率,所用原料资源丰富、廉价,具有较好的应用前景.     

Preparation and application of a phosphorous free and non-nitrogen scale inhibitor in industrial cooling water systems

A novel environmentally friendly type of calcium carbonate, zinc (II) and iron (III) scale inhibitor Acrylic acid- allylpolyethoxy carboxylate copolymer (AA-APEL) was synthesized. The anti-scale property of the AA-APEL toward CaCO₃, zinc (II) and iron (III) in the artificial cooling water was studied through static scale inhibition tests. The observation shows that both calcium carbonate, zinc (II) and iron (III) inhibition increase with increasing the dosage of AA-APEL. The effect on formation of CaCO₃ was investigated with combination of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis and fourier transform infrared spectrometer, respectively. The results showed that the AA-APEL copolymer not only influenced calcium carbonate crystal morphology and crystal size but also the crystallinity. The crystallization of CaCO₃ in the absence of inhibitor was rhombohedral calcite crystal, whereas a mixture of calcite with vaterite crystals was found in the presence of the AA-APEL copolymer. Inhibition mechanism is proposed that the interactions between calcium or iron ions and polyethylene glycol (PEG) are the fundamental impetus to restrain the formation of the scale in cooling water systems.     

富N条件下白腐菌对联苯的降解

探讨了在富Ｎ条件下白腐菌降解芳香化合物酶的活性变化和对联苯的降解．研究结果表明,ｍ（Ｃ）／ｍ（Ｎ）比值对白腐菌的ＬｉＰ和ＭｎＰ活性有明显的影响;黎芦醇提高了ＬｉＰ和ＭｎＰ的活性及培养基中·ＯＨ基数量,白腐菌在富Ｎ条件下能降解黎芦醇和联苯     

硫铁矿烧渣和劣质铁尾矿制备聚硅酸铁铝混凝剂

研究了以硫铁矿烧渣和劣质铁尾矿为原料联合制备高效混凝剂聚硅酸铁铝(PSAF)的方法,确定了合理的生产工艺和操作条件。用该混凝剂处理工业废水,并与聚合硫酸铁(PFS)的处理效果比较,结果表明,出水COD和色度去除率分别提高约25%和28%,SS去除率提高约10%。     

Experimental study on biomass advanced reburning for nitrogen oxides reduction

Advanced reburning (AR) is effective for nitrogen oxides (NO_x) reduction, which integrates the basic reburning (BR) with the injection of nitrogen agents and additive compounds. The basic reburning of poplar, cornstalk, wheat-straw and peanut shell, is studied on a boiler simulator facility (BSF). The influence of operating parameters and the synergistic effect of the injection of ammonia, urea or/and sodium carbonate on NO_x reduction are investigated. The results show that an efficiency of 54–67% NO_x reduction could be achieved during the basic reburning process under the optimum operating conditions and the efficiency would be increased if nitrogen agent is injected with the over-fire air or into the burnout zone. Further, co-injection of sodium carbonate with the nitrogen agent could make the NO_x reduction process more thorough. On the whole, 85–92% NO_x reduction could be achieved during the advanced reburning process with a reburning fuel heat input of 15–20%.     

基于JC法尾矿坝稳定性可靠度研究

论述了可靠度理论在尾矿坝稳定性评价中可有效弥补定值法(安全系数法)存在的不足。文中选用JC法作为可靠度分析方法,结合实例对尾矿坝进行稳定性分析,分别求出了尾矿坝在正常和洪水工况下运行时的可靠度指标。并通过与定值法(安全系数法)比较,发现可靠度指标对坝体材料物理力学参数变异性的敏感度高于安全系数,因而得出可靠度方法可以更加全面、客观的反映出尾矿坝稳定性的真实状态。