盐效萃取法从电子产品清洗废液中回收异丙醇

用盐效萃取法从电子产品清洗废液中回收片丙醇,考察了碳酸钾水溶液与该清洗废液的质量比对脱水率的影响,测定了异丙醇-水-碳酸钾体系存40℃时的液液相平衡数据,用Pitzer理论和NRTL方程对液液相平衡数据进行了理论计算。结果表明：当质量分数为60．00％的碳酸钾水溶液与该废液的质晕比为2．00时,脱水率高达90．00％;将有机相进行精馏可得到质量分数为99．50％的异丙醇;计算值与实测值接近,水相和有机相的绝对平均偏差分别为0．62％和0．46％。     

用改性海泡石处理含磷废水

以海泡石为原料,经盐酸活化、水热活化,再加入氯化镁、氯化铁复合制得除磷剂原粉;再用聚氯乙烯将除磷剂原粉黏合成粒状除磷剂。用粒状除磷剂对废水中的磷（PO4^3-）进行吸附、洗脱,考察除磷剂的循环使用性能。实验结果表明：除磷剂对废水中磷的吸附容量可达92m g/g以上;以碳酸钠为洗脱剂,磷的洗脱率可达90%以上;除磷剂可重复使用,且性能优良。     

摆管淋水试验装置的校准方法探讨

文中简述了摆管淋水试验装置的基本结构及其常见的校准方式,对其中的“摆角校准”这一技术难点提出了可行的解决方案并作了较详尽的说明分析。     

Identification of key parameters controlling dissolved oxygen migration and attenuation in fractured crystalline rocks

In the crystalline rocks of the Canadian Shield, geochemical conditions are currently reducing at depths of 500-1000 m. However, during future glacial periods, altered hydrologic conditions could potentially result in enhanced recharge of glacial melt water containing a relatively high concentration of dissolved oxygen (O2). It is therefore of interest to investigate the physical and geochemical processes, including naturally-occurring redox reactions, that may control O2 ingress. In this study, the reactive transport code MIN3P is used in combination with 2k factorial analyses to identify the most important parameters controlling oxygen migration and attenuation in fractured crystalline rocks. Scenarios considered are based on simplified conceptual models that include a single vertical fracture, or a fracture zone, contained within a rock matrix that extends from the ground surface to a depth of 500 m. Consistent with field observations, Fe(II)-bearing minerals are present in the fractures (i.e. chlorite) and the rock matrix (biotite and small quantities of pyrite). For the parameter ranges investigated, results indicate that for the single fracture case, the most influential factors controlling dissolved O2 ingress are flow velocity in the fracture, fracture aperture, and the biotite reaction rate in the rock matrix. The most important parameters for the fracture zone simulations are flow velocity in the individual fractures, pO2 in the recharge water, biotite reaction rate, and to a lesser degree the abundance and reactivity of chlorite in the fracture zone, and the fracture zone width. These parameters should therefore receive increased consideration during site characterization, and in the formulation of site-specific models intended to predict O2 behavior in crystalline rocks.     

基于岩体质量指标Q分类系统的风险分析方法

基于岩体质量指标Q分类系统,应用Monte-Carlo模拟技术,研究了岩体质量风险分析方法。该方法视Q分类系统中各单因素取值为随机变量,建立了各单因素取值概率模型;通过对所建模型的抽样计算,可获取所评价岩体实际Q值小于设计所采用Q值的概率;通过对比分析Q值累计曲线和岩体质量分布图,可得到任意Q值对应的风险概率,查清岩体中可能出现的质量等级以及每个质量等级所占百分比的情况。本文研究成果已在青岛胶州湾海底隧道工程中得到应用,并获得良好效果。     

岩体开挖卸荷过程力学特性分析

基于岩体开挖卸荷过程中力学参数变化理论的分析研究,建立卸荷岩体有限元分析模型,运用ADINA有限元分析软件对岩体进行一维卸荷数值仿真研究。根据有限元数值分析计算成果得到岩体力学参数与主卸荷方向累计开挖卸荷量间的变化关系曲线。结果表明:岩体开挖卸荷过程中,岩体力学参数变形模量、泊松比、粘聚力和内摩擦角等呈现出随开挖卸荷量的变化而发生变化的特征,随卸荷量的增大有减小的趋势,但它们不是从初始值一直减小到零,而是随卸荷量的增大减小到一定的量值后,岩体的裂隙张开、结构面的扩展到一定的程度,岩体的力学参数保持一定的量级不再减小。     

碳酸镁与镉离子的吸附和沉淀作用研究

以碳酸镁为吸附剂,在镉离子初始浓度为0~6 mmol/L,初始pH值为4和7的条件下,研究了碳酸镁与镉离子的吸附与沉淀作用。结果表明,由于碳酸镁的溶解及与体系中氢离子的中和,碳酸镁—镉体系的最终pH值为10.4左右;体系的平衡pH值随着镉离子初始浓度的增加而减小;体系中镉的平衡浓度随着初始镉离子浓度的增加缓慢上升;碳酸镁对镉的吸附等温线为折线型,不符合Freundlich和Langmuir模型,符合伪二阶吸附动力学模型。结合碳酸镁吸附镉前后固相表征的结果,说明碳酸镁与镉离子的作用机制随着镉离子浓度的增加,从离子交换发展为离子交换和表面配位反应并存,最后表现为表面沉淀。     

深部“三软”高应力软岩巷道卸压耦合支护技术

为解决杨河煤业高应力软岩巷道的支护问题,对杨河煤业深部软沿巷道变形破坏特征及原因进行分析,提出支架-锚杆-围岩卸压耦合支护技术,并结合42轨道下山试验巷道对耦合卸压支护技术参数进行阐述,通过矿压观测结果可知:42轨道下山在采用卸压耦合支护技术后,有效控制了巷道强烈变形。     

Petrophysical analysis to investigate the effects of carbon dioxide storage in a subsurface saline aquifer at Ketzin, Germany (CO2SINK)

To test the injection behaviour of CO₂ into brine-saturated rock and to evaluate the dependence of geophysical properties on CO₂ injection, flow and exposure experiments with brine and CO₂ were performed on sandstone samples of the Stuttgart Formation representing potential reservoir rocks for CO₂ storage. The sandstone samples studied are generally fine-grained with porosities between 17 and 32% and permeabilities between 1 and 100 mD.Additional batch experiments were performed to predict the long-term behaviour of geological CO₂ storage. Reservoir rock samples were exposed over a period of several months to CO₂-saturated reservoir fluid in high-pressure vessels under in situ temperature and pressure conditions. Petrophysical parameters, porosity and the pore radius distribution were investigated before and after the experiments by NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) relaxation and mercury injection. Most of the NMR measurements of the tested samples showed a slight increase of porosity and a higher proportion of large pores.     

碳酸锶生产中"三废"综合利用研究

介绍了碳还原法生产碳酸锶过程中"三废"的主要成分;提出了用克劳斯燃烧法和吸收氧化法生产硫磺,用直接合成法和4级联合吸收法生产硫脲综合利用废气的途径;提出了2种治理废水方案,不仅达到脱硫、脱氮、降解有机物目的,而且还可得到硫磺、碳酸氢氨副产品;探讨了锶渣在砖、水泥的生产及公路工程建设中应用的可行性.