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201.
低分子有机酸强化植物修复重金属污染土壤的作用与机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
植物修复是利用植物的物理、化学作用去除污染土壤中重金属的技术方法,可以减少二次污染物的产生,具有经济可行性.低分子有机酸(LMWOAs)具有生物降解性和环境友好性,在重金属污染土壤植物修复中具有较强的应用潜力.综述了LMWOAs在植物修复中的作用机制,主要包括:①调控根茎叶发育,增加植物生物量,强化植物富集效果;②增强光合作用,提升植物抗性,提高对重金属的耐受能力;③改变根际土壤性质,提高根际微生物活性,促进对重金属的吸收;④改变重金属形态,减轻重金属毒性,提高转运效率.最后阐述了LMWOAs强化植物修复重金属污染土壤的优缺点及应用,提出了LMWOAs在重金属污染土壤植物修复中的研究方向,这对LMWOAs在未来植物修复中的研究和应用具有科学意义. 相似文献
202.
203.
三价锑是有毒金属锑生物地球化学循环中的不稳定还原态,其在腐殖酸体系中的光氧化过程可能是水体环境中Sb(Ⅲ)转化的重要途径.通过室内模拟实验,探讨了光照条件下不同来源腐殖酸对Sb(Ⅲ)的光氧化反应特征,并考察腐殖酸浓度、Sb(Ⅲ)初始浓度、溶液pH值、环境中普遍存在的阴阳离子等环境因素对光氧化作用的影响.结果表明:Sb(Ⅲ)在腐殖酸溶液中的光化学反应过程符合准一级动力学规律.反应体系中腐殖酸浓度的升高有利于促进Sb(Ⅲ)的光氧化作用,而Sb(Ⅲ)初始浓度增加则抑制其光氧化作用,Sb(Ⅲ)的光氧化速率常数随溶液pH值的升高而逐渐增大,褐煤来源腐殖酸对Sb(Ⅲ)的光氧化速率常数高于土壤来源腐殖酸.水环境中NO3-的存在促进了腐殖酸对Sb(Ⅲ)的光氧化作用,而Cl-、SO42-和Na+未对Sb(Ⅲ)的光氧化作用产生显著影响.羟基和超氧自由基是Sb(Ⅲ)光氧化反应中的主要活性基团,其中在酸性条件下,羟基自由基对Sb(Ⅲ)的光氧化反应起主导作用,而在中性和碱性条件下超氧自由基起主要作用. 相似文献
204.
Variation in humic and fulvic acids during thermal sludge treatment assessed by size fractionation,elementary analysis,and spectroscopic methods 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Thermal pretreatment can be applied to sludge anaerobic digestion or dewatering. To analyze the variation in humic substances during thermal sludge treatment, sludge humic and fulvic acids were extracted before and after 30-min thermal treatment at 180℃, and then their contents, molecular weight distributions, elementary compositions, and spectral characteristics were compared. The results showed that the total contents of humic and fulvic acids in the sludge almost remained constant during thermal treatment, but 35% ofhumic and fulvic acids were dissolved from the sludge solids. Moreover, both humic and fulvic acids were partly decomposed and 32% of humic acids were converted to fulvic acids. The median value of the molecular weights of humic acids decreased from 81 to 41 kDa and that of fulvic acids decreased from 15 to 2 kDa. Besides the reduction in molecular size, the chemical structures of humic and fulvic acids also exhibited a slight change, i.e. some oxygen functional groups disappeared and aromatic structures increased after thermal sludge treatment. 相似文献
205.
Tobacco products and cigarette smoke cause many respiratory diseases including cancer. 4-(Methyl nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a potent carcinogen in cigarette smoke, but its effect on lipid metabolism remains enigmatic. Hence, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was exposed to different concentrations of NNK (0–400?µmol?L?1) to elucidate its role in lipid metabolism. Exposure to NNK substantially decreases (about 60%) of the phospholipid content with a concomitant increase in lysophospholipids. Significant reduction was observed in the phosphatidylcholine followed by phosphatidylethanolamine with NNK-treated cells. On the contrary, cells accumulated significant amount of neutral lipids and free fatty acids. Exposure of yeast cells (wild-type cells and three plbΔ mutant strains) to NNK greatly enhances the hydrolysis of phospholipid in the presence of calcium. We are the first to report that exposure to NNK enhances phospholipase B (PLB), particularly plb1p activity. Furthermore, NNK also promotes the alteration of phospholipid fatty acid (FA) content. These results suggest that NNK aids in the degradation of phospholipids by enhanced PLB activity and is accompanied with FA alteration. Understanding the altered phospholipid metabolism in the presence of NNK remains a worthy pursuit. 相似文献
206.
对富营养化水体常见浮游植物进行了分离和培养,测定了其磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)。同时,检测了惠州西湖浮游植物的磷脂脂肪酸;结合惠州西湖浮游植物群落组成数据,分析了浮游植物磷脂脂肪酸特征及其与浮游植物群落结构的关系。结果表明:结合PLFA与细胞丰度和生物量的分析,α-亚麻酸(18:3ω3)的质量浓度与蓝藻(除湖丝藻外)呈正相关;二十碳四烯酸ARA(20:4ω6)和二十二碳六烯酸DHA(22:6ω3)的质量浓度与硅藻呈正相关;二十碳五烯酸EPA(20:5ω3)和16:3ω3的质量浓度与绿藻呈正相关等,其中16:3ω3为绿藻门独有的脂肪酸。这些均与室内实验得到的结果相符合。本研究表明,磷脂脂肪酸可以作为生物标志物来分析浮游植物组成,它将是一种可行的研究浮游植物群落结构的新方法。 相似文献
207.
自然界广泛存在的铁氧化物与多羧基有机酸在光照条件下能够由内源自身生成活性物过氧化氢,构成异相类Fenton体系降解污染物.在实验室构建了由磁赤铁矿和多羧基有机酸组成的光化学体系,研究了五氯酚在此体系中的降解和脱氯.结果表明,五氯酚在此异相光化学体系中的降解效率受波长范围、有机酸种类和氧气的显著影响.在UV-A波长范围,五氯酚具有较高的光降解效率.草酸能够显著促进五氯酚在磁赤铁矿中的异相光降解,但柠檬酸不具有此作用.氧气是体系中生成各种含氧活性物的必要条件.五氯酚在此体系中的降解遵循一级反应动力学.最佳实验条件下,五氯酚1 h的降解率可达80%以上,脱氯率可达35%以上.对体系主要活性物过氧化氧的定量研究较好的解释了体系在各种条件下的活性差异. 相似文献
208.
Sources and major biogeochemical pathways of organic matter in the mangrove system of Rufiji estuary
Daniel Abel Shilla 《Chemistry and Ecology》2019,35(6):524-536
Fatty acids were extracted from the surface sediments (10 cm) of three sampling sites of Rufiji estuary to infer their sources and biogeochemical pathways. The fatty acids ranging from C8 to C24 were distinguished from this study, and were broadly classified into saturated (SFAs), monounsaturated (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). SFAs were found to be the major fraction at station 1 and 3 where as at station 2, MUFAs dominated. A total of 19 fatty acids with a total concentration of 64.91 μg/g dry weight were characterised at station 1. C16:0 was the most abundant fatty acid contributing 21.94% of total fatty acids (TFAs). C22:2 was the second most abundant, which accounted for 9.46% of TFAs. Fatty acids ranging from C12 to C24 were identified at station 2. C20 fatty acid was the most abundant fatty acid contributing 21.94%, followed by C16:0. At station 3, fatty acids ranging from C8 to C24 were obtained. The PUFA C20:5n-3 was the most abundant fatty acid contributing 21.65%, followed by C24:0 (15.00% of TFAs). The ratio of lower molecular weight (LMW) to higher molecular weight (HMW) biomarkers was used as an indicators to distinguish higher plants organic matter from algae-derived fatty acids. 相似文献
209.
Xiaoyu Hu Gan Yang Yiliang Liu Yiqun Lu Yuwei Wang Hui Chen Jianmin Chen Lin Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(3):190-203
Organic acids are important contributors to the acidity of atmospheric precipitation,but their existence in the Chinese atmosphere is largely unclear.In this study,twelve atmospheric gaseous organic acids,including C1-C9 alkanoic acids,methacrylic acid,pyruvic acid,and benzoic acid,were observed in the suburb of Wangdu,Hebei Province,a typical rural site in the northern China plain from 16th December,2018 to 22nd January,2019,using a Vocus@Proton-Trans... 相似文献
210.
Ling Wang Chunxue Yang Sangeetha Thangavel Zechong Guo Chuan Chen Aijie Wang Wenzong Liu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(4):56