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401.
5种颗粒活性炭对水中卤乙酸的等温吸附试验 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
通过等温吸附实验,考察了5种不同类颗粒活性炭(GAC)对消毒副产物卤乙酸(HAAs)中致癌风险较高的二氯乙酸、三氯乙酸的吸附行为.结果表明:二氯乙酸、三氯乙酸的吸附行为符合Langmuir等温式;进口活性炭A对二氯乙酸饱和吸附量是3种国产活性炭的4.4~5.7倍,是另一种进口活性炭B的3.8倍;对三氯乙酸的饱和吸附量是3种国产活性炭的4.0~5.4倍,是另一种进口活性炭B的2.6倍.针对进口活性炭A开展的进一步研究结果表明,二氯乙酸、三氯乙酸2组分的相对吸附量与2组分的相对浓度成正比关系,二氯乙酸吸附容量变化对平衡浓度的敏感程度不如三氯乙酸. 相似文献
402.
Summary When the larvae of the caddis flyApatania fimbriata (Pictet) are threatened, drops of fluid appear on their head capsules. The secretions are produced in a gland in the dorsal part of the prothorax. The neck region contains an eversible sac with numerous single setae, groups of 3 setae, or rows of setae on the surface. The secretion is released through two paris of orifices on the lateral sides of the sac. For the most part the secretion is composed of some 30 fatty acids, with the major components having 12–14 carbon atoms and up to 4 double bonds (approx. 1–2 µg secretion per specimen). Biotests with synthetic saturated acids (C6–C12) in a stream and in the laboratory demonstrated a paralysing effect on small invertebrate predators (Rhyacophila sp.,Plectrocnemia conspersa, Hydropsyche sp., larvae, all Trichoptera). In choice experiments,Rhyacophila sp. larvae preferred larvae ofAgapetus fuscipes andDrusus annulatus (Trichoptera) as food as compared withApatania fimbriata larvae. Larger predators, such asDinocras cephalotes (Insecta, Plecoptera) and the fishCottus gobio, did not discriminate betweenApatania fimbriata and other prey species. The use of fatty acids in defensive secretions is interpreted as an adaptation to the running water environment. They are effective repellents againstRhyacophila sp. larvae, the most important predator in the natural environment ofApatania larvae. 相似文献
403.
Aristolochia macrophylla (Lam.) is a major host of the pipevine swallowtail butterfly,Battus philenor (L.), in the eastern United States. The female butterflies use a synergistic mixture of inositols, acids and a lipid as oviposition cues in recognizing this plant on contact. The acids and lipid, all isolated from the Et2O-CHCl3 fraction of an alcoholic extract of fresh foliage, were identified as aristolochic acid I (1), aristolochic acid II (2) and 1,2-[di(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9, 12, 15-trienoyl]-3-galactosyl-sn-glycerol (3). Identifications were facilitated by UV, MS (EI and FAB) and NMR (1D and 2D) spectral techniques and by analysis of the hydrolysis products of 3. The active inositols were identified as D-(+)-pinitol, reported previously, and sequoyitol. Though this is apparently the first report of oviposition responses to a diacyl glycerol glycoside by a phytophagous insect, responses to aristolochic acids and sequoyitol have been reported previously for anAristolochia-feeding swallowtail of a different genus in Japan. This indicates substantial evolutionary conservatism in chemical oviposition cues within the tribe Troidini. 相似文献
404.
D. A. Applegarth H. L. Levy V. E. Shih B. McGillivray J. T. Wong J. R. Toone L. T. Kirby 《黑龙江环境通报》1986,6(4):257-263
We describe successful prenatal diagnosis in four pregnancies at risk for non-ketotic hyperglycinemia, two affected and two unaffected, using the glycine level and the glycine/ serine ratio in amniotic fluid obtained at 16 weeks gestational age. Although this method of prenatal diagnosis for non-ketotic hyperglycinemia has been effective in our hands the narrow differences between affected and unaffected pregnancies indicate the need for caution concerning its reliability. 相似文献
405.
A fed-batch process was developed, which allowed biotechnological production of the homopolyester poly(3-hydroxyvaleric acid) [poly(3HV)], in a mineral salts medium containing valeric acid as carbon source and complex nutrients as supplements byChromobacterium violaceum at a 10- and 300-L fermentation scale. This process yielded up to 40 g dry cell matter per L fermentation broth, and the cells contained up to 70% (w/w) poly(3HV). Poly(3HV), which was extracted from the cells with chloroform and was precipitated from this solvent with ethanol, was processed to test bars by injection molding or by press processing and to fibers by melt spinning. The unprocessed and processed poly(3HV) material was characterized with respect to the molecular weight and with respect to thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties. It was shown that it is possible to process biodegradable poly(3HV) thermoplastically and to obtain a polymer suitable for applications with low strength requirements. 相似文献
406.
407.
The effect of salinity on sludge alkaline fermentation at low temperature(20°C) was investigated, and a kinetic analysis was performed. Different doses of sodium chloride(Na Cl, 0–25 g/L) were added into the fermentation system. The batch-mode results showed that the soluble chemical oxygen demand(SCOD) increased with salinity. The hydrolysate(soluble protein, polysaccharide) and the acidification products(short chain fatty acids(SCFAs), NH+4–N, and PO_4~(3-)–P) increased with salinity initially, but slightly declined respectively at higher level salinity(20 g/L or 20–25 g/L). However, the hydrolytic acidification performance increased in the presence of salt compared to that without salt.Furthermore, the results of Haldane inhibition kinetics analysis showed that the salt enhanced the hydrolysis rate of particulate organic matter from sludge particulate and the specific utilization of hydrolysate, and decreased the specific utilization of SCFAs. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis indicated that the importance of polysaccharide on the accumulation of SCFAs was reduced with salt addition, but the importance of protein and NH+4–N on SCFA accumulation was increased. 相似文献
408.
本文针对重庆主城区4个采样点PM2.5中羧酸开展研究,通过GC-MS分析,定量分析了16种饱和脂肪酸、21种不饱和脂肪酸和8种二元羧酸等多种物质的浓度水平,进而对羧酸的季节变化及来源进行了探讨.羧酸日均总浓度为130.42~1953.79 ng·m~(-3),一元脂肪酸和二元羧酸在各采样点浓度差异显著.一元脂肪酸呈明显的季节变化,夏季最高(961.97 ng·m~(-3)),冬季最低(49.24 ng·m~(-3)).饱和脂肪酸中偶数碳优势明显,以C_(16)(棕榈酸)和C_(18)(硬脂酸)最为丰富.二元羧酸也呈明显的季节变化,在冬季最高(432.04 ng·m~(-3)),春季最低(64.57 ng·m~(-3)).二元羧酸以丙二酸、丁二酸和戊二酸为主.细菌活动和烹饪油烟对一元脂肪酸具有较大的贡献,光化学氧化作用则对二元羧酸贡献较大. 相似文献
409.
410.
测定挥发性脂肪酸(Volatile fatty acid,VFA)浓度的方法包括:蒸馏法、比色法、气相色谱法以及各种滴定法。就常规监测和控制而言,滴定法在简洁、省时和成效比方面要优越于其它测试方法。滴定法测定VFA主要包括四点滴定法、五点滴定法和八点滴定法。这些方法主要应用于厌氧反应器中高浓度VFA的测定,但随着活性污泥数学模型的应用,城市污水中低浓度VFA的测量越加重要,是模型应用不可缺少的条件。文章具体介绍了上述三种滴定方法的基本原理、优缺点和应用情况,为适用于城市污水中VFA测量提供参考。 相似文献