生物膜复合系统脱氮除磷的特征及微生物群落结构分析

试验研究了序批式生物膜复合系统在不同有机负荷下氮磷等营养物质的去除特性.结果表明,复合系统在COD负荷为0.35kg.kg-1.d-1(以MLSS计)时能够很好解决脱氮除磷的泥龄矛盾,TP、TN、NH4+-N去除率分别能达到96%、89%和96%,高于对照组的SBR工艺.复合系统中,悬浮污泥对硝化起主要作用,悬浮态污泥和生物膜的硝化平均贡献比为1.66;附着态生物膜对反硝化和除磷起主要作用,生物膜和悬浮态污泥的反硝化贡献比为2.19,释磷贡献比为3.5,摄磷贡献比为3.76.利用PCR-DGGE技术发现,复合系统中存在丰富的脱氮功能菌和除磷功能菌,且悬浮态与附着态微生物的相似性仅为73%,区别较大,说明两者存在一定的分工协作,与反应器的处理特性相一致.     

常温下IC反应器启动过程中的颗粒污泥性能研究

在常温下用自配葡萄糖废水启动IC反应器,研究了厌氧颗粒污泥的形成过程和特性。IC反应器进水浓度为3 000 mg COD/L,水温为14.5～26℃,25 d内形成了颗粒污泥。结果表明,随着运行时间和容积负荷的增加,颗粒污泥粒径逐渐增大。反应器启动完成后,反应器中2 mm的颗粒污泥增加到6.6%,0.3 mm的颗粒从57.7%减少到39.4%;VSS浓度从24.7 g/L上升到48.2 g/L;VSS/SS从34.4%增加到72.8%。颗粒污泥的沉降速度与颗粒粒径成正比,0.3～3 mm的颗粒污泥的沉降速度介于34.05～109.75 m/h之间,具有良好的沉降性能。初始接种污泥几乎没有产甲烷活性,与第30 d的初期颗粒污泥相比,成熟的颗粒污泥的产甲烷活性提高了46.7%。     

Insights into a novel nitrogen removal process based on simultaneous anammox and denitrification(SAD) following nitritation with in-situ NOB elimination

Simultaneous anammox and denitrification(SAD) is an efficient approach to treat wastewater having a low C/N ratio; however, few studies have investigated a combination of SAD and partial nitritation(PN). In this study, a lab-scale up-flow blanket filter(UBF) and zeolite sequence batch reactor(ZSBR) were continuously operated to implement SAD and PN advantages, respectively. The UBF achieved a high total nitrogen(TN) removal efficiency of over 70% during the start-up stage(days 1–50), and reached...     

pH调节方法对厨余垃圾两相厌氧消化中水解和酸化过程的影响

通过间歇实验探讨了pH调节方法对厨余垃圾两相厌氧消化中水解酸化过程和水解酸化液中Na 浓度的影响实验比较了厨余垃圾在3种pH调节方法(利用NaOH溶液调节初始进料pH到7,利用NaOH和Ca(OH)2混合碱液每12h调节pH到7和利用调节C/N比调节pH到7)下水解酸化液中的Na 浓度、一级水解速率常数、挥发酸(VFA)浓度、乳酸浓度和VFA组分分配.结果表明,与利用NaOH溶液每12 h调节pH相比较,3种pH调节方法都能够有效降低水解酸化出料液中的Na 浓度,但利用调节C/N比来调节pH能够取得更高的水解酸化效率,一级水解速率常数可以达到0.199 d-1,VFA浓度在实验第3天即可达到35 g·L-1.发酵产物乳酸在实验第2天即达到高峰浓度24 g·L-1,后逐渐下降到6 g·L-1,VFA组分中丙酸不是优势组分.     

限量曝气进水时间对硝化颗粒污泥的影响特性研究

缺氧-好氧环境的交替循环对氨氧化细菌和亚硝酸盐氧化细菌具有重要影响.本研究通过逐渐增加限量曝气进水时间(从10 min至120 min)延长缺氧时段,考察柱形SBR中硝化颗粒污泥对不同缺氧-好氧环境交替循环的响应特性.整个研究过程中,硝化颗粒污泥保持着稳定的颗粒特征,粒径大于0.8 mm的颗粒污泥占总污泥量的质量分数始终在95%以上,颗粒平均沉降速率维持在125～130 m·h-1之间.尽管缺氧时段不断延长,但NH+4-N去除率和NO-2-N累积率分别稳定在(60±5)%、(85±5)%;此外,在每个周期的曝气反应时段,NH+4-N的去除速率以及NO-2-N和NO-3-N的累积速率分别保持在90mg·(L·h)-1、70 mg·(L·h)-1和15 mg·(L·h)-1左右.以上结果表明,限量进水时间的延长及其所造成的不同时间跨度的缺氧环境对硝化颗粒污泥没有较为显著的影响.     

超低溶解氧条件下的EBPR系统除磷性能

实验采用两个交替厌氧/好氧(An/O)模式运行的SBR反应器,对不同溶解氧(DO)浓度梯度下EBPR系统除磷效果及工艺性能进行了为期127 d的研究.在未控制DO的对照组反应器R1中,好氧段DO≥6 mg·L~(-1),运行的前65 d内工艺除磷性能稳定,除磷率95.9%,出水总磷0.5 mg·L~(-1),但由于系统长期处于过曝气状态,65 d后除磷性能逐渐恶化,直至97 d后系统彻底失效,整个运行阶段(1~127 d)出水总磷一级A达标率为39.4%.对于实验组反应器R2,控制好氧段DO浓度分别为2、1、0.5、0.2、0.1 mg·L~(-1),各工况初期除磷性能均有小幅波动,但除磷率迅速回升,继而反应器达到稳定运行.统计发现,实验组反应器R2在整个运行阶段出水总磷一级A的达标率为94.6%,127 d内仅有6 d不达标,工艺性能远优于R1.DO=2 mg·L~(-1)系统的比吸磷速率接近最大值,而低DO条件对比吸磷速率影响较大.实验还发现,尽管由超低DO(0.1 mg·L~(-1))引起的有机物降解速率低导致系统发生污泥微膨胀,但出水总磷仍能100%达标排放,微好氧EBPR的节能除磷具有可行性.     

Start-up performances of dry anaerobic mesophilic and thermophilic digestions of organic solid wastes

Two dry anaerobic digestions of organic solid wastes were conducted for 6 weeks in a lab-scale batch experiment for investigating the start-up performances under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. The enzymatic activities, i.e., β-glucosidase, N-α-benzoyl-Largininamide （BAA）-hydrolysing protease, urease and phosphatase activities were analysed. The BAA-hydrolysing protease activity during the first 2-3 weeks was low with low pH, but was enhanced later with the pH increase. β-Glucosidase activity showed the lowest values in weeks 1-2, and recovered with the increase of BAA-hydrolysing protease activity. Acetic acid dominated most of the total VFAs in thermophilic digestion, while propionate and butyrate dominated in mesophilic digestion. Thermophilic digestion was confirmed more feasible for achieving better performance against misbalance, especially during the start-up period in a dry anaerobic digestion process.     

Effect of vegetation of transgenic Bt rice lines and their straw amendment on soil enzymes, respiration, functional diversity and community structure of soil microorganisms under field conditions

With the development of transgenic crops, there is an increasing concern about the possible adverse effects of their vegetation and residues on soil environmental quality. This study was carried out to evaluate the possible effects of the vegetation of transgenic Bt rice lines Huachi B6 (HC) and TT51 (TT) followed by the return of their straw to the soil on soil enzymes (catalase, urease, neutral phosphatase and invertase), anaerobic respiration activity, microbial utilization of carbon substrates and community structure, under field conditions. The results indicated that the vegetation of the two transgenic rice lines (HC and TT) and return of their straw had few adverse effects on soil enzymes and anaerobic respiration activity compared to their parent and distant parent, although some transient differences were observed. The vegetation and subsequent straw amendment of Bt rice HC and TT did not appear to have a harmful effect on the richness, evenness and community structure of soil microorganisms. No different pattern of impact due to plant species was found between HC and TT. It could be concluded that the vegetation of transgenic Bt rice lines and the return of their straw as organic fertilizer may not alter soil microbe-mediated functions.     

Biodegradation of high concentration phenol containing heavy metal ions by functional biofilm in bioelectro-reactor

Functional microorganisms to high concentration phenol containing Cr^6＋ and Pb^2＋ were cultured and biofilm was formed on polypropylene packings in bioelectro-reactor. It was found that the biodegradation capability of such biofilm to phenol changed with the applied voltage. Under the optimal electric field conditions （voltage of 3.0 V, electric field of strength 17.7 V/m and current density of 1.98 A/m2）, biodegradation efficiency of phenol aof concentration of 1200 mg/L increased 33% compared to the instance without applying electric field. However, voltage had inverse effect on biodegradation, as microorganisms were killed under strong electric field. Voltage had little effect on heavy ions elimination. Higher absorption rate of Cr^6＋ and Pb^2＋ was observed when changing pH fi＇om acidic to neutral. The experiment results indicated that, after treatment, 10 L phenol of 2400 mg/L was biodegraded completely within 55 h and concentrations of Cr^6＋ and Pb^2＋ dropped to less than 1 mg/L within 12 h and 6 h, fi＇om initial values of 50 mg/L and 30 mg/L, respectively.     

基于高通量测序的ABR厌氧氨氧化反应器各隔室细菌群落特征分析

为明确厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)稳定运行厌氧氨氧化反应后各隔室微生物群落结构特征,本文采用Miseq高通量测序分析技术,对ABR厌氧氨氧化反应器5个隔室的微生物分布规律进行了研究,结果表明,ABR反应器中脱氮微生物多样性较为丰富,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)占11.66%~20.28%,浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)占2.18%~7.94%,硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)占0.19%~6.30%.其中,在ABR反应器中变形菌门占据主导地位,主要包含Rhodoplanes、Dok59、Rubrivivax和Bdellovibrio等菌属,浮酶菌门次之,主要包含Candidatus brocadia和Candidatus kuenenia菌属.从第1~5隔室,污泥表观红色逐渐减退,趋向于灰黑色,Chao、ACE、Shannon、Simpson指数均表明微生物群落丰富度逐渐增加,且变形菌门微生物逐渐增加,而浮霉菌门微生物逐渐降低,这与基质的降解和功能微生物的富集规律相一致.