多承载索货运索道计算方法及张力不平衡效应分析

通过分析多承载索货运索道工作索的空间位置关系,在弹性悬链线计算方法的基础上,建立包括索道结构守恒方程和力平衡方程的非线性方程组,形成多承载索货运索道系统整体耦合计算方法。针对四承载索货运索道的典型设计工况,应用该方法完成承载索长度不一致情况下,货运索道的承载索张力变化分析。研究结果表明:多承载索货运索道承载索间的张力不平衡受索长偏差影响极大,而且不平衡效应与索长变化工况（索长偏差变化量、变化索的位置等）和载荷重量密切相关,多索索长不一致造成的张力不平衡使得承载索破断风险急剧增加。     

Gender response and safe carrying load limit for sugar industry workers

This study investigates the safe carrying load limit in relation to gender of workers in the sugar industry. A total of 632 workers (male and female) were interviewed following a physiological and psycho-physiological methodology. All of these workers were in the age groups of 21–30, 31–40 and ≥41 years. In this study, for the physiological methodology, both field and laboratory data were collected, which included heart rate, heart rate variability, energy expenditure and maximum rate of oxygen consumption. Information regarding hemoglobin content, weight, age, lean body weight, etc., was recorded to know the physical health of the workers. In the psycho-physiological evaluation, load-carrying limits were determined by the psychophysical rating of the load by workers from the selected age groups. By considering the physiological stresses and psycho-physiological evaluation, the safe carrying load limit was determined in head and back mode for male and female workers as per their age groups.     

我国城市生态承载力研究进展

从生态承载力角度研究区域资源-生态-环境问题,是当今生态学、地理学和经济学等学科研究的热点与前沿领域之一。依据现有研究成果,阐述了承载力的概念和什么是城市生态承载力,并对生态承载力的研究方法、研究趋势及其研究存在的问题和方法途径及提高城市生态承载力的对策建议进行了简述。     

Visitor Perceptions and the Shifting Social Carrying Capacity of South Sinai’s Coral Reefs

To investigate how the perceptions and behaviour of visitors to coral reefs are influenced by their prior experience and knowledge of marine life, a questionnaire-based study was undertaken at sites in the Ras Mohammed National Park and at Sharm El Sheikh, South Sinai, Egypt. It was evident that over the 10–20 years during which these reefs have deteriorated (mainly due to reef-flat trampling), there have been interrelated shifts in the nature of visitors making use of them. First, there has been a shift from experienced divers and snorkellers to inexperienced snorkellers and non-snorkellers with a poorer knowledge of reef biology. Second, there has been a shift in the predominant nationalities of visitors, from German and British, through Italian, to Russian. More recent user groups both stated and showed that they had less experience of snorkelling; they also showed less knowledge of marine life and less interest in learning about it. Visitor perceptions of both the state of the marine life on the reefs and the acceptability of current visitor numbers also varied between groups. More recent visitor groups and visitors with less knowledge were more satisfied with reef health. In general, however, visitor perceptions of reef health did not correlate well with actual reef conditions, probably because more experienced visitors preferred less impacted sites with which they were nevertheless less satisfied than inexperienced visitors at heavily impacted sites. More recent visitor groups were also less bothered by crowding on the shore or in the water. Consequently, the apparent “social carrying capacity” of sites seems to be increasing to a level well above the likely “ecological carrying capacity”.     

Theoretical and Empirical Study on Urban Population Cawing Capacity： Case of Haidian District in Beijing

The measurement of urban population carrying capacity is the basis for cities＇ sustainable development. However, the traditional study on population carrying capacity which was based on food supply is not applicable to the single urban area. This paper built a model for the analysis of urban carrying capacity, and took Haidian District in Beijing as an example to calculate the urban carrying capacity of Haidian District in the future, which was the basis for the improvement of the population carrying capacity. This study would also provide a reference to the measurement of the urban population carrying capacity for other cities and districts in China.     

Theoretical and Empidcal Study on Urban Population Carrying Capacity:Case of Haidian District in Beijing

The measurement of urban population carrying capac- ity is the basis for cities' sustainable development.However,the traditional study on population carrying capacity which was based on food supply is not applicable to the single urban area.This paper built a model for the analysis of urban carrying capacity, and took Haidian District in Beijing as an example to calculate the urban carrying capacity of Haidian District in the future,which was the basis for the improvement of the population carrying capac...     

利用土地人口容力开放模型对沪苏锡常城市群的分析

本文提出了土地人口容力,即单位面积土地的人口容量的概念,建立了描述和测算开放区域人口容力的模型,确立了模型对多种人口容力定义,揭示了不同人口容力模型的内在联系性,并将它用于沪苏锡常城市群的土地人口容力测算和分析。     

水利工程环境影响研究若干问题探讨

本文简述当代水资源利用和水利工程环境影响研究的发展趋势,总结我国在水利工程环境影响研究上的进步,成绩和不足。着重提出加强水利工程环境影响研究和评价的六点建议:①强调价值观在环境影响评价中的指导作用;②深化和拓宽移民环境容量研究;③加强环境影响的经济评价研究;④开展水利工程环境影响的风险分析;⑤充实环境对策体系研究;⑥积极建立长期定位观测台站。     

基于资源环境承载力的武汉市三大万亿集群产业发展策略研究

资源环境是城市的基础性资源,对经济社会发展具有支撑与约束作用,为加快实施武汉市光电子信息、汽车及零部件和大健康3个万亿级产业集群建设,推动制造业高质量发展,结合武汉市工业发展和资源环境利用现状,计算和评估三大万亿产业经济发展指标、资源消耗指标和污染排放指标,提出三大万亿产业集群发展策略建议.     

基于耦合协调度模型的河西走廊生态环境质量时空格局演化

以“丝绸之路”经济带上的河西走廊地区为研究对象,采用耦合分析法,构建环境承载力与生态弹性限度的耦合协调模型,在分析2001—2016年河西走廊生态环境承载力和生态弹性限度的基础上,探析河西走廊生态环境承载力与弹性限度的耦合协调度,评价生态环境承载力和生态弹性限度耦合协调阶段及区域生态环境质量水平,从区域和城市两个空间尺度分析生态环境耦合协调类型,为探索河西走廊生态环境可持续发展道路提供科学依据。结果表明:①2001—2016年,河西走廊生态环境承载力和生态弹性限度均呈现东南高、西北低的空间格局和缓慢波动上升趋势。②河西走廊生态环境耦合协调度呈现“东南高西北低,优劣破碎穿插”的空间格局特征,耦合协调度在0~0.5之间,生态系统处于低水平和拮抗耦合阶段,生态环境质量处于濒临失调阶段。③河西走廊生态环境承载力与生态弹性限度耦合协调度存在明显区域差异。河西走廊生态环境耦合协调度共分9个等级3个层次3个耦合协调阶段:高水平-磨合阶段区(良好协调、中度协调和初级协调区);中等水平-拮抗耦合阶段区(勉强协调、濒临失调和轻度失调区)和低水平区-低水平耦合阶段区(极度失调、严重失调和中度失调区)。④根据2001—2016年生态环境耦合协调状况将河西走廊五市分为4种耦合协调类型:高耦合协调增长型(张掖市、金昌市)、高耦合协调减少型(武威市)、中耦合协调增长型(嘉峪关市)和低耦合协调增长型(酒泉市)。各地区应因地制宜地制定发展战略,提高生态环境质量,推进生态环境持续协调发展。